Three dimensional ultra-high-density electro-anatomical cardiac mapping in horses: methodology.
Abstract: Ultra-high-density cardiac mapping allows very accurate characterisation of atrial and ventricular electrophysiology and activation timing. Objective: To describe the technique and evaluate the feasibility of magnetic electro-anatomical mapping of the equine heart. Methods: In vivo experimental method development. Methods: A mapping system using an 8.5F bidirectional deflectable catheter with a deployable mini-basket (3-22 mm) containing 64 electrodes divided over eight splines was evaluated. Based upon predefined beat acceptance criteria, the system automatically acquires endocardial electrograms and catheter location information. Electro-anatomical maps were acquired from four horses in sinus rhythm under general anaesthesia. Results: All endocardial areas within each chamber could be reached. Access to the left atrium required the use of a deflectable sheath. With the exception of the left atrial map of horse 1, all four chambers in all four horses could be mapped. Optimisation of the beat acceptance criteria led to a reduction in manual correction of the automatically accepted beats from 13.1% in the first horse to 0.4% of the beats in the last horse. Conclusions: Only a limited number of horses were included in the study. Conclusions: Ultra-high-density 3D electro-anatomical mapping is feasible in adult horses and is a promising tool for electrophysiological research and characterisation of complex arrhythmias.
© 2020 EVJ Ltd.
Publication Date: 2020-02-19 PubMed ID: 31954064DOI: 10.1111/evj.13229Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
- Adult Horses
- Anatomy
- Biotechnology
- Cardiac Arrhythmias
- Cardiovascular Health
- Clinical Study
- Diagnosis
- Diagnostic Technique
- Disease Diagnosis
- Electrocardiography
- Electrophysiology
- Equine Diseases
- Equine Health
- Experimental Methods
- Heart
- Horses
- In Vivo
- Physiology
- Veterinary Medicine
- Veterinary Procedure
- Veterinary Research
Summary
This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.
The research paper is about the development and testing of a 3D ultra-high-density electro-anatomical cardiac mapping technique in horses for precise characterisation of electrophysiology and activation timing.
Objective and Methods
The study aimed to develop a new technique to accurately map the heart’s electrical system in horses. This mapping would provide in-depth analysis of heart’s electrical activity, to identify anomalies and evaluate the feasibility of this electro-anatomical mapping.
- The method involved experimental trials in a living context (in vivo).
- The researchers used a specially designed mapping system, comprising an 8.5F bidirectional deflectable catheter containing a deployable mini-basket with 64 electrodes spread across eight splines.
- The system was designed to automatically gather endocardial (inner heart layer) electrograms (electrical activities of the heart) and catheter location information based on predefined beat acceptance criteria.
- The technique was tested on four horses in sinus rhythm (normal heart rhythm), all under general anaesthesia.
Results
Findings from this research yielded promising results towards the applicability and accuracy of this ultra-high-density 3D electro-anatomical mapping technique.
- All endocardial areas within each chamber of the heart could be accessed.
- A deflectable sheath was necessary for access to the left atrium (one of the four chambers of the heart).
- An exception was recorded during the mapping of the left atrial of the first horse where the team faced challenges. But all other chambers in the remaining horses were able to be mapped successfully.
- The researchers managed to optimise the beat acceptance criteria leading to a significant reduction in the need for manual correction of automatically accepted beats (from 13.1% on the first horse down to just 0.4% on the last horse).
Conclusions
The study’s final conclusions, despite the small sample size tested, were that ultra-high-density 3D electro-anatomical mapping is a viable and efficacious technique in adult horses. It shows significant promise for electrophysiological research and for the detailed characterisation of complex arrhythmias (abnormal heart rhythms) which could revolutionise diagnosis and treatment of heart disorders in equine veterinary practice.
Cite This Article
APA
Van Steenkiste G, De Clercq D, Boussy T, Vera L, Schauvliege S, Decloedt A, van Loon G.
(2020).
Three dimensional ultra-high-density electro-anatomical cardiac mapping in horses: methodology.
Equine Vet J, 52(5), 765-772.
https://doi.org/10.1111/evj.13229 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Department of Large Animal Internal Medicine, Equine Cardioteam, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
- Department of Large Animal Internal Medicine, Equine Cardioteam, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
- Department of Cardiology, AZ Groeninge, Kortrijk, Belgium.
- Department of Large Animal Internal Medicine, Equine Cardioteam, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
- Department of Surgery and Anaesthesiology of Domestic Animals, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
- Department of Large Animal Internal Medicine, Equine Cardioteam, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
- Department of Large Animal Internal Medicine, Equine Cardioteam, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Arrhythmias, Cardiac / veterinary
- Heart Atria
- Heart Ventricles
- Horse Diseases
- Horses
Grant Funding
- 1134917N / Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek
- 1S56217N / Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek
References
This article includes 8 references
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Citations
This article has been cited 6 times.- Van Steenkiste G, Boussy T, Duytschaever M, Vernemmen I, Schauvlieghe S, Decloedt A, van Loon G. Detection of the origin of atrial tachycardia by 3D electro-anatomical mapping and treatment by radiofrequency catheter ablation in horses. J Vet Intern Med 2022 Jul;36(4):1481-1490.
- Van Steenkiste G, Delhaas T, Hermans B, Vera L, Decloedt A, van Loon G. An Exploratory Study on Vectorcardiographic Identification of the Site of Origin of Focally Induced Premature Depolarizations in Horses, Part II: The Ventricles. Animals (Basel) 2022 Feb 23;12(5).
- Van Steenkiste G, Delhaas T, Hermans B, Vera L, Decloedt A, van Loon G. An Exploratory Study on Vectorcardiographic Identification of the Site of Origin of Focally Induced Premature Depolarizations in Horses, Part I: The Atria. Animals (Basel) 2022 Feb 23;12(5).
- Hesselkilde E, Linz D, Saljic A, Carstensen H, Kutieleh R, Jespersen T, Sanders P, Buhl R. First catheter-based high-density endocardial 3D electroanatomical mapping of the right atrium in standing horses. Equine Vet J 2021 Jan;53(1):186-193.
- Buschmann E, Van Steenkiste G, Vernemmen I, Demeyere M, Schauvliege S, Decloedt A, van Loon G. Multiple Catheter Recording in Horses to Investigate Atrial Depolarization Pattern During Sinus Rhythm and Induced Premature Atrial Complexes. J Vet Intern Med 2025 Sep-Oct;39(5):e70218.
- Ibrahim L, Vernemmen I, Buschmann E, van Loon G, Cornillie P. Morphological variations of the interatrial septum and potential implications in equine cardiology. Sci Rep 2025 May 12;15(1):16500.
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