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Tibial bone responses to 6-month calcium and vitamin D supplementation in young male jockeys: A randomised controlled trial.
Abstract: Young male jockeys compromise bone health by engaging in caloric restriction and high volumes of physical activity during periods of musculoskeletal growth and development. The aim of this randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial was to establish whether calcium and vitamin D supplementation would improve bone properties of young male jockeys. We conducted a 6-month trial with two groups of weight-, height- and age-matched apprentice male jockeys (age=20.2 ± 3.2 yrs). Participants were supplemented with 800 mg of calcium and 400 IU of vitamin D (S, n=8) or a placebo (cellulose) (P, n=9) daily for 6-months. Baseline calcium intake was (669.7 ± 274.3 (S) vs 790.4 ± 423.9 (P) and vitamin D 64.6 ± 19.5 (S) vs 81.2 ± 24.4 (P) with no statistical differences. Peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) measured ultra-distal (4%) and proximal (66%) tibial bone properties at baseline and 6 months. Blood-borne markers of bone turnover, P1NP and CTX and vitamin D concentration were assessed. After co-varying for height, weight and baseline bone measurements, the supplemented group displayed greater post-intervention bone properties at the 66% proximal site with cortical content (mgmm) 6.6% greater (p<0.001), cortical area (mm(2)) 5.9% larger (p<0.001), cortical density (mgcm(2)) 1.3% greater (p=0.001), and total area (mm(2)) 4% larger (p=0.003). No other between group differences in bone variables were observed. Blood analysis indicated higher vitamin D levels (18.1%, p=0.014) and lower CTx (ng/L) (-24.8%, p=0.011) in the supplemented group with no differences observed in P1NP. This is the first randomised controlled trial to examine the efficacy of calcium and vitamin D supplementation in improving bone properties in a highly vulnerable, young athletic, weight-restricted population. Results using pQCT indicate beneficial effects of supplementation on bone properties in as little as six months. Although the study size is small, this intervention appears promising as a strategy for improving bone health in young athletes in weight-restricted sports.
Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Publication Date: 2015-09-08 PubMed ID: 26362226DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2015.09.004Google Scholar: Lookup The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
- Journal Article
- Randomized Controlled Trial
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
Summary
This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.
This research study investigated whether calcium and vitamin D supplementation could improve bone health in young male jockeys, who often compromise their bone health due to restrictive diets and intense physical activity. The randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled research revealed a significant improvement in bone health in young jockeys after taking calcium and vitamin D supplements for six months.
Overview of the Study
- The study focused on young male jockeys who undergo intensive physical activities and follow restrictive diets which could potentially jeopardize their bone health.
- The researchers conducted a random double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial over a 6-month period. The aim was to determine if supplementing the diet of these young athletes with calcium and vitamin D could result in improved bone health.
- Two matched groups of weight, height, and age were created in the study. The supplement group received 800mg of calcium and 400 IU of vitamin D daily, while the placebo group received cellulose.
Tools for Measurement and Findings
- An equipment known as Peripheral Quantitative Computed Tomography (pQCT) was used to measure the properties of tibial bone, focusing on both the ultra-distal (4%) and proximal (66%) regions, at the start and end of the trial.
- Moreover, the researchers examined blood-borne markers related to bone turnover – P1NP and CTX – and the concentration of vitamin D.
- After making allowances for other confounding variables like height, weight and initial bone measurements, the results showed that by the end of the six months, the group receiving the supplement had better bone health at the 66% proximal site. This included several attributes such as cortical content, cortical area, cortical density, and total area.
- Additionally, blood analysis results displayed a higher level of vitamin D and lower levels of CTx in the group given the supplement, though no significant difference was noted in P1NP.
Conclusions of the Study
- The study, a pioneer in investigating the effects of calcium and vitamin D supplementation in improving bone health in weight-restricted young athletes, has found promising results.
- The results obtained from the pQCT measurements indicated beneficial effects of the supplementation on bone health within a six-month duration.
- While the number of participants in this research trial was small, the intervention strategy of supplementing calcium and vitamin D appears promising for enhancing bone health in young athletes participating in weight-restricted sports.
Cite This Article
APA
Silk LN, Greene DA, Baker MK, Jander CB.
(2015).
Tibial bone responses to 6-month calcium and vitamin D supplementation in young male jockeys: A randomised controlled trial.
Bone, 81, 554-561.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bone.2015.09.004 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- School of Exercise Science, Australian Catholic University, Australia. Electronic address: leslie.silk@acu.edu.au.
- School of Exercise Science, Australian Catholic University, Australia.
- School of Exercise Science, Australian Catholic University, Australia; The Boden Institute Of Obesity, Nutrition, Exercise & Eating Disorders, The University of Sydney, Australia.
- School of Exercise Science, Australian Catholic University, Australia.
MeSH Terms
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Animals
- Athletes
- Biomarkers / blood
- Bone Density / drug effects
- Bone Remodeling / drug effects
- Calcium, Dietary / administration & dosage
- Caloric Restriction / adverse effects
- Collagen Type I / blood
- Dietary Supplements
- Double-Blind Method
- Horses
- Humans
- Male
- Peptide Fragments / blood
- Peptides / blood
- Procollagen / blood
- Sports
- Tibia / drug effects
- Tibia / pathology
- Tibia / physiopathology
- Vitamin D / administration & dosage
- Young Adult
Citations
This article has been cited 11 times.- Han Q, Xiang M, An N, Tan Q, Shao J, Wang Q. Effects of vitamin D3 supplementation on strength of lower and upper extremities in athletes: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Front Nutr 2024;11:1381301.
- Peng Y, Zhong Z, Huang C, Wang W. The effects of popular diets on bone health in the past decade: a narrative review. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023;14:1287140.
- Salam RA, Das JK, Irfan O, Ahmed W, Sheikh SS, Bhutta ZA. Effects of preventive nutrition interventions among adolescents on health and nutritional status in low- and middle-income countries: A systematic review. Campbell Syst Rev 2020 Jun;16(2):e1085.
- Bu SY, Choi MJ, Choi DS, Jung YM, Jang IS, Yang N, Kim K, Park CY. Perspectives on the systematic review for the 2020 Dietary Reference Intakes for Koreans for calcium. Nutr Res Pract 2022 May;16(Suppl 1):S89-S112.
- Dunne A, Warrington G, McGoldrick A, Pugh J, Harrison M, Cullen S. Body Composition and Bone Health Status of Jockeys: Current Findings, Assessment Methods and Classification Criteria. Sports Med Open 2022 Feb 14;8(1):23.
- Williams K, Askew C, Mazoue C, Guy J, Torres-McGehee TM, Jackson Iii JB. Vitamin D3 Supplementation and Stress Fractures in High-Risk Collegiate Athletes - A Pilot Study. Orthop Res Rev 2020;12:9-17.
- Salam RA, Das JK, Ahmed W, Irfan O, Sheikh SS, Bhutta ZA. Effects of Preventive Nutrition Interventions among Adolescents on Health and Nutritional Status in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutrients 2019 Dec 23;12(1).
- Han Q, Li X, Tan Q, Shao J, Yi M. Effects of vitamin D3 supplementation on serum 25(OH)D concentration and strength in athletes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2019 Nov 26;16(1):55.
- Marwaha RK, Garg MK, Mithal A, Gupta S, Shukla M, Chadha A. Effect of Vitamin D Supplementation on Bone Turnover Markers in Children and Adolescents from North India. Indian J Endocrinol Metab 2019 Jan-Feb;23(1):27-34.
- Jackson KA, Sanchez-Santos MT, MacKinnon AL, Turner A, Kuznik K, Ellis S, Box C, Hill J, Javaid MK, Cooper C, Arden NK, Newton JL. Bone density and body composition in newly licenced professional jockeys. Osteoporos Int 2017 Sep;28(9):2675-2682.
- Farrokhyar F, Sivakumar G, Savage K, Koziarz A, Jamshidi S, Ayeni OR, Peterson D, Bhandari M. Effects of Vitamin D Supplementation on Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Concentrations and Physical Performance in Athletes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Sports Med 2017 Nov;47(11):2323-2339.
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