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Topical blood products modulate the effects of ophthalmic antibiotics against common bacterial pathogens in dogs with infectious keratitis.
Abstract: Bacterial keratitis is a common and serious condition that often leads to vision impairment and potential loss of the eye if not treated promptly and adequately. Topical blood products are often used concurrently with topical antibiotics, helping to mitigate corneal 'melt' from proteases released on the ocular surface. However, blood products are rich in albumin and could affect the efficacy of antibiotics due to drug-protein binding. In this study, serum and plasma samples were harvested from 10 healthy dogs and 10 healthy horses, obtaining fresh and frozen (1 month at -20°C) aliquots for experiments. Albumin levels were quantified using species-specific ELISA kits. Thirty bacteria (10 , 10 , 10 ), isolated from canine patients with infectious keratitis, were each tested with blank plates as well as commercial susceptibility plates (Sensititre™ JOEYE2) to assess the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 17 different antibiotics in the absence (control) or presence of eight test groups: serum or plasma (fresh or frozen) from canines or equines. Albumin concentrations ranged from 13.8-14.6 mg/mL and 25.9-26.5 mg/mL in canine and equine blood products, respectively. A direct antimicrobial effect was observed mostly with equine vs. canine blood products (specifically serum and to a lesser degree plasma), and mostly for isolates. MICs generally increased in the presence of blood products (up to 10.8-fold), although MICs also decreased (down to 0.25-fold) for selected antibiotics and ocular pathogens. Median (range) fold changes in MICs were significantly greater ( = 0.004) with the canine blood products [2 (0.67-8.1)] than the equine blood products [2 (0.5-5)]. In practice, clinicians should consider equine over canine blood products (lesser impact on antimicrobial susceptibility), serum over plasma (greater antimicrobial effects), and administering the blood product ≥15 min following the last antibiotic eyedrop to minimize the amount of albumin-antibiotic binding in tear film.
Copyright © 2024 Kubai, Roy, Stinman, Kenne, Allbaugh and Sebbag.
Publication Date: 2024-07-12 PubMed ID: 39071784PubMed Central: PMC11282578DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1417842Google Scholar: Lookup The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
- Journal Article
Summary
This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.
Objective Summary
- This study investigates how topical blood products from dogs and horses affect the efficacy of antibiotics used against bacteria causing infectious keratitis in dogs.
- The research focuses on how proteins in blood products, particularly albumin, interact with antibiotics and influence their ability to inhibit bacterial growth.
Background
- Bacterial keratitis: A serious eye infection in dogs that can cause vision loss or even require removal of the eye if not treated promptly.
- Topical blood products: These include serum and plasma applied to the eye surface along with antibiotics to reduce corneal damage caused by proteases during infection.
- Potential concerns: Blood products are rich in albumin, a protein that can bind to drugs like antibiotics, potentially reducing their effectiveness.
Study Design and Methods
- Sample collection: Serum and plasma samples were collected from 10 healthy dogs and 10 healthy horses.
- Sample preparation: Aliquots of these samples were tested fresh and after freezing for one month at -20°C to see if freezing alters effects.
- Albumin quantification: Albumin concentrations in these blood products were measured using species-specific ELISA kits to understand the protein content.
- Bacterial isolates: Thirty bacterial strains from dogs with infectious keratitis were used, categorized into three groups of ten each (groups not specified in the abstract but often include common pathogens like Staphylococcus, Pseudomonas, etc.).
- Antibiotic testing: The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) for 17 antibiotics were assessed on these bacteria using standard testing plates (Sensititre™ JOEYE2), comparing antibiotic effects alone (control) versus in the presence of different blood product groups.
- Test groups: Eight groups tested: fresh and frozen serum and plasma from both dogs and horses.
Key Findings
- Albumin levels:
- Canine blood products: 13.8 – 14.6 mg/mL albumin.
- Equine blood products: Significantly higher at 25.9 – 26.5 mg/mL albumin.
- Antimicrobial effects of blood products:
- Equine serum showed a direct antimicrobial effect, especially on certain bacterial isolates (noted mostly in equine vs. canine groups).
- Plasma had less of this antimicrobial effect than serum.
- Impact on antibiotic efficacy (MIC values):
- MICs typically increased when antibiotics were paired with blood products, sometimes up to 10.8 times higher, indicating reduced antibiotic effectiveness.
- In some cases, MICs decreased (as low as 0.25 times), showing variable interactions depending on the antibiotic and bacterial species.
- The median fold change in MICs was significantly greater with canine blood products (median 2-fold increase, range 0.67-8.1) compared to equine products (median 2-fold, but with a wider range including decreases, 0.5-5), with statistical significance (p = 0.004).
Clinical Implications and Recommendations
- Choice of blood product: Use equine blood products over canine when possible, as they have less negative impact on antibiotic susceptibility.
- Serum vs. plasma: Serum has greater intrinsic antimicrobial properties compared to plasma, so clinicians might prefer serum in treatment regimens.
- Timing of administration: Administer blood products at least 15 minutes after antibiotic eye drops to reduce albumin-antibiotic binding in tears, which can decrease antibiotic effectiveness.
Overall Significance
- This study reveals that topical blood products are not inert adjuncts but actively modulate antibiotic activity against ocular pathogens.
- Understanding these interactions can help veterinarians optimize treatment protocols for canine infectious keratitis, maximizing therapeutic success and preserving vision.
Cite This Article
APA
Kubai MA, Roy MM, Stinman CC, Kenne DE, Allbaugh RA, Sebbag L.
(2024).
Topical blood products modulate the effects of ophthalmic antibiotics against common bacterial pathogens in dogs with infectious keratitis.
Front Vet Sci, 11, 1417842.
https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2024.1417842 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Iowa State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Ames, IA, United States.
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Iowa State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Ames, IA, United States.
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Iowa State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Ames, IA, United States.
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Iowa State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Ames, IA, United States.
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Iowa State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Ames, IA, United States.
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Iowa State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Ames, IA, United States.
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel.
Conflict of Interest Statement
The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.
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