Topographical mapping of biochemical properties of articular cartilage in the equine fetlock joint.
Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate topographical differences in the biochemical composition of the extracellular matrix of articular cartilage of the normal equine fetlock joint. Water content, DNA content, glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content and a number of characteristics of the collagen network (total collagen content, levels of hydroxylysine- (Hyl) and the crosslink hydroxylysylpyridinoline, (HP) of articular cartilage in the proximal 1st phalanx (P1), distal 3rd metacarpal bone (MC), and proximal sesamoid bones (PSB) were determined in the left and right fetlock joint of 6 mature horses (age 5-9 years). Twenty-eight sites were sampled per joint, which included the clinically important areas often associated with pathology. Biochemical differences were evaluated between sampling sites and related with the predisposition for osteochondral injury and type of loading. Significant regional differences in the composition of the extracellular matrix existed within the joint. Furthermore, left and right joints exhibited biochemical differences. Typical topographic distribution patterns were observed for each parameter. In P1 the dorsal and palmar articular margin showed a significantly lower GAG content than the more centrally located sites. Collagen content and HP crosslinks were higher at the joint margins than in the central area. Also, in the MC, GAG content was significantly lower at the (dorsal) articular margin compared with the central area. Consistent with findings in P1, collagen and HP crosslinks were significantly lower in the central area compared to the (dorsal) articular margin. Biochemical and biomechanical heterogeneity of articular cartilage is supposed to reflect the different functional demands made at different sites. In the present study, GAG content was highest in the constantly loaded central areas of the joint surfaces. In contrast, collagen content and HP crosslinks were higher in areas intermittently subjected to peak loading which suggests that the response to a certain type of loading of the various components of the extracellular matrix of articular cartilage are different. The differences in biochemical characteristics between the various sites may help to explain the site specificity of osteochondral lesions commonly found in the equine fetlock joint. Finally, these findings emphasise that the choice of sampling sites may profoundly influence the outcome of biochemical studies of articular cartilage.
Publication Date: 2000-02-08 PubMed ID: 10661380DOI: 10.2746/042516400777612062Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
Summary
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The study investigates how the biochemical composition of the cartilage in a horse’s fetlock joint varies across different areas. It found significant differences within the joint, as well as between the left and right joints which may relate to the different levels and types of load each area experiences.
Methodology
The research team examined the cartilage in the fetlock joints of six mature horses, aged 5 to 9 years old. They took samples from 28 sites across each joint, including areas often associated with pathology. They measured several biochemical variables, including:
- Water content
- DNA content
- Glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content, an important component of cartilage
- Total collagen content
- Levels of hydroxylysine (Hyl) and hydroxylysylpyridinoline (HP), both indicators of collagen structure
They determined these variables for cartilage in three parts of the joint: the 1st phalanx, 3rd metacarpal bone, and proximal sesamoid bones.
Results
Significant regional differences in the biochemical composition of cartilage were observed. In addition, there were also differences between the biochemical compositions of the left and right joints.
The researchers identified characteristic patterns of distribution for each parameter. For example, central areas with constant load had higher GAG content, possibly due to the protective cushioning role of GAGs. Conversely, collagen and HP—responsible for providing strength and resilience—were higher in areas that experience intermittent peak loads.
Implications
These biochemical differences are thought to reflect the varying functional demands placed on different parts of the joint. Understanding these differences could help explain the location-specific nature of osteochondral lesions commonly found in the equine fetlock joint.
The variations may also have implications for research. The selection of sample sites could profoundly influence the outcome of biochemical studies of articular cartilage due to their varying biochemical compositions. Scientists must therefore be careful to factor this variability into their study designs.
Cite This Article
APA
Brama PA, Tekoppele JM, Bank RA, Karssenberg D, Barneveld A, van Weeren PR.
(2000).
Topographical mapping of biochemical properties of articular cartilage in the equine fetlock joint.
Equine Vet J, 32(1), 19-26.
https://doi.org/10.2746/042516400777612062 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Department of Equine Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, The Netherlands.
MeSH Terms
- Amino Acids / analysis
- Animals
- Biomechanical Phenomena
- Biopsy / veterinary
- Bisbenzimidazole / chemistry
- Cartilage, Articular / anatomy & histology
- Cartilage, Articular / chemistry
- Cartilage, Articular / physiology
- Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / veterinary
- Collagen / analysis
- DNA / analysis
- Extracellular Matrix / chemistry
- Fluorescent Dyes / chemistry
- Forelimb / anatomy & histology
- Forelimb / physiology
- Glycosaminoglycans / analysis
- Horses / anatomy & histology
- Horses / physiology
- Hydroxylysine / analysis
- Joints / anatomy & histology
- Joints / physiology
- Methylene Blue / analogs & derivatives
- Methylene Blue / chemistry
- Water / analysis
Citations
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