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BMC medical genomics2009; 2; 60; doi: 10.1186/1755-8794-2-60

Transcriptional profiling differences for articular cartilage and repair tissue in equine joint surface lesions.

Abstract: Full-thickness articular cartilage lesions that reach to the subchondral bone yet are restricted to the chondral compartment usually fill with a fibrocartilage-like repair tissue which is structurally and biomechanically compromised relative to normal articular cartilage. The objective of this study was to evaluate transcriptional differences between chondrocytes of normal articular cartilage and repair tissue cells four months post-microfracture. Methods: Bilateral one-cm2 full-thickness defects were made in the articular surface of both distal femurs of four adult horses followed by subchondral microfracture. Four months postoperatively, repair tissue from the lesion site and grossly normal articular cartilage from within the same femorotibial joint were collected. Total RNA was isolated from the tissue samples, linearly amplified, and applied to a 9,413-probe set equine-specific cDNA microarray. Eight paired comparisons matched by limb and horse were made with a dye-swap experimental design with validation by histological analyses and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Results: Statistical analyses revealed 3,327 (35.3%) differentially expressed probe sets. Expression of biomarkers typically associated with normal articular cartilage and fibrocartilage repair tissue corroborate earlier studies. Other changes in gene expression previously unassociated with cartilage repair were also revealed and validated by RT-qPCR. Conclusions: The magnitude of divergence in transcriptional profiles between normal chondrocytes and the cells that populate repair tissue reveal substantial functional differences between these two cell populations. At the four-month postoperative time point, the relative deficiency within repair tissue of gene transcripts which typically define articular cartilage indicate that while cells occupying the lesion might be of mesenchymal origin, they have not recapitulated differentiation to the chondrogenic phenotype of normal articular chondrocytes.
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Publication Date: 2009-09-14 PubMed ID: 19751507PubMed Central: PMC2751772DOI: 10.1186/1755-8794-2-60Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The study focuses on the differences in gene expression between normal knee joint cartilage cells (chondrocytes) and the repair cells that form in lesions four months after a microfracture procedure in horses. It finds that significant transcriptional disparities exist between these two cell types, indicating substantial functional differences.

Research Methods

  • The researchers conducted full-thickness lesions on both distal femurs of four adult horses. They induced these articular cartilage defects without extending into the subchondral bone, mimicking a specific type of cartilage damage.
  • These defects were followed by a subchondral microfracture intended to stimulate the growth of repair tissue.
  • Four months after the procedure, they picked repair tissue from the lesion site and seemingly healthy articular cartilage from the same joint for analysis.
  • The collected tissues underwent total RNA isolation, linear amplification, and application to an equine-specific cDNA microarray to detail gene expression patterns.
  • Using a dye-swap experimental design, eight comparison samples were set up by matching by limb and horse, validated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and histological analyses.

Research Results

  • Statistic analyses showed 3,327 (35.3%) differentially expressed probe sets, that is, there were significant genetic expression differences present between the normal and repair cells.
  • The study’s findings confirmed previous research. The expression of well-known biomarkers associated with normal cartilage and fibrocartilage repair tissue was seen.
  • Certain changes in gene expression unrelated to cartilage repair in previous studies were uncovered, and these were validated through RT-qPCR.

Conclusions

  • The wide variation in transcriptional profiles between normal chondrocytes and lesion-filling cells indicates notable functional differences.
  • Four months post-operation, repair tissue was deficient in transcripts typically seen in regular articular cartilage. This suggests that while the cells filling the lesion may be from a mesenchymal origin, they have not differentiated to assume the chondrogenic phenotype of healthy chondrocytes.

Cite This Article

APA
Mienaltowski MJ, Huang L, Frisbie DD, McIlwraith CW, Stromberg AJ, Bathke AC, Macleod JN. (2009). Transcriptional profiling differences for articular cartilage and repair tissue in equine joint surface lesions. BMC Med Genomics, 2, 60. https://doi.org/10.1186/1755-8794-2-60

Publication

BMC medical genomics
ISSN: 1755-8794
NlmUniqueID: 101319628
Country: England
Language: English
Volume: 2
Pages: 60

Researcher Affiliations

Mienaltowski, Michael J
  • University of Kentucky, Department of Veterinary Science, Maxwell H, Gluck Equine Research Center, Lexington, KY 40546-0099, USA. mmienalt@health.usf.edu
Huang, Liping
    Frisbie, David D
      McIlwraith, C Wayne
        Stromberg, Arnold J
          Bathke, Arne C
            Macleod, James N

              Grant Funding

              • P20 RR016481 / NCRR NIH HHS

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              This article includes 63 references

              Citations

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