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Home / Equine Research Bank / PLoS One / Transcriptome analysis of immune genes in peripheral blood m...
PloS one2018; 13(9); e0202646; doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0202646

Transcriptome analysis of immune genes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of young foals and adult horses.

Abstract: During the neonatal period, the ability to generate immune effector and memory responses to vaccines or pathogens is often questioned. This study was undertaken to obtain a global view of the natural differences in the expression of immune genes early in life. Our hypothesis was that transcriptome analyses of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of foals (on day 1 and day 42 after birth) and adult horses would show differential gene expression profiles that characterize natural immune processes. Gene ontology enrichment analysis provided assessment of biological processes affected by age, and a list of 897 genes with ≥2 fold higher (p<0.01) expression in day 42 when compared to day 1 foal samples. Up-regulated genes included B cell and T cell receptor diversity genes; DNA replication enzymes; natural killer cell receptors; granzyme B and perforin; complement receptors; immunomodulatory receptors; cell adhesion molecules; and cytokines/chemokines and their receptors. The list of 1,383 genes that had higher (p<0.01) expression on day 1 when compared to day 42 foal samples was populated by genes with roles in innate immunity such as antimicrobial proteins; pathogen recognition receptors; cytokines/chemokines and their receptors; cell adhesion molecules; co-stimulatory molecules; and T cell receptor delta chain. Within the 742 genes with increased expression between day 42 foal and adult samples, B cell immunity was the main biological process (p = 2.4E-04). Novel data on markedly low (p<0.0001) TLR3 gene expression, and high (p≤0.01) expression of IL27, IL13RA1, IREM-1, SIRL-1, and SIRPα on day 1 compared to day 42 foal samples point out potential mechanisms of increased susceptibility to pathogens in early life. The results portray a progression from innate immune gene expression predominance early in life to adaptive immune gene expression increasing with age with a putative overlay of immune suppressing genes in the neonatal phase. These results provide insight to the unique attributes of the equine neonatal and young immune system, and offer many avenues of future investigation.
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Publication Date: 2018-09-05 PubMed ID: 30183726PubMed Central: PMC6124769DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0202646Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article
  • Research Support
  • U.S. Gov't
  • Non-P.H.S.

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research investigates how immune genes are expressed differently in newborn foals compared to adult horses, contributing to an understanding of inherent immune processes and age-related changes. The use of transcriptome analyses provides key insights into the progression of immunity from neonatal to adult stages in horses.

Objective of Research and Hypothesis

  • The goal of the research was to gain additional knowledge about natural differences in the expression of immune genes at the early stages of life. This was achieved by using transcriptome analyses of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) collected from foals on their first and 42nd day after birth and comparing it with adult horses.
  • The scientists hypothesized that these transcriptome analyses would exhibit different gene expression profiles, characterizing the natural immune processes unique to each stage.

Method and Analysis of Research

  • To gain insight into the biological processes impacted by age, gene ontology enrichment analysis was employed.
  • The results showed 897 genes with an increased expression by at least 2-fold on day 42 compared to day 1 in foal samples. These genes included those related to B and T cell receptor diversity, DNA replication enzymes, and various types of cell receptors.
  • While the set of 1,383 genes showed higher expression on the first day when compared to day 42, indicating their involvement in innate immunity, such as antimicrobial proteins and pathogen recognition receptors.
  • Approximately 742 genes showed increased expression comparing day 42 foal samples with adult horse samples. The majority of these genes were associated with B cell immunity.

Significant Findings and Future Scope

  • Significant discoveries included exceedingly low expression of the TLR3 gene and high expressions of genes like IL27, IL13RA1, IREM-1, SIRL-1, and SIRPα on day 1 in comparison to day 42 foal samples. This indicates a potential explanation for the increased susceptibility to pathogens seen in early life.
  • The overall conclusions present a transition from a dominance of innate immune gene expression early in life, to a rise in adaptive immune gene expression with age. Furthermore, it seems there might be an overlay of immune suppressing genes during the neonatal phase.
  • These findings contribute a valuable understanding of the unique aspects of the equine neonatal and young immune system, and also present numerous opportunities for future scientific investigations.

Cite This Article

APA
Tallmadge RL, Wang M, Sun Q, Felippe MJB. (2018). Transcriptome analysis of immune genes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of young foals and adult horses. PLoS One, 13(9), e0202646. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0202646

Publication

PloS one
ISSN: 1932-6203
NlmUniqueID: 101285081
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 13
Issue: 9
Pages: e0202646
PII: e0202646

Researcher Affiliations

Tallmadge, Rebecca L
  • Equine Immunology Laboratory, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States of America.
Wang, Minghui
  • Cornell Bioinformatics Facility, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States of America.
Sun, Qi
  • Cornell Bioinformatics Facility, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States of America.
Felippe, Maria Julia B
  • Equine Immunology Laboratory, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States of America.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Gene Expression Profiling
  • Horses
  • Immunity, Cellular / genetics
  • Leukocytes, Mononuclear / immunology
  • Leukocytes, Mononuclear / metabolism

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

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Citations

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