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International journal of molecular sciences2023; 24(8); 6915; doi: 10.3390/ijms24086915

Transcriptomics Reveal Molecular Differences in Equine Oocytes Vitrified before and after In Vitro Maturation.

Abstract: In the last decade, in vitro embryo production in horses has become an established clinical practice, but blastocyst rates from vitrified equine oocytes remain low. Cryopreservation impairs the oocyte developmental potential, which may be reflected in the messenger RNA (mRNA) profile. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the transcriptome profiles of metaphase II equine oocytes vitrified before and after in vitro maturation. To do so, three groups were analyzed with RNA sequencing: (1) fresh in vitro matured oocytes as a control (FR), (2) oocytes vitrified after in vitro maturation (VMAT), and (3) oocytes vitrified immature, warmed, and in vitro matured (VIM). In comparison with fresh oocytes, VIM resulted in 46 differentially expressed (DE) genes (14 upregulated and 32 downregulated), while VMAT showed 36 DE genes (18 in each category). A comparison of VIM vs. VMAT resulted in 44 DE genes (20 upregulated and 24 downregulated). Pathway analyses highlighted cytoskeleton, spindle formation, and calcium and cation ion transport and homeostasis as the main affected pathways in vitrified oocytes. The vitrification of in vitro matured oocytes presented subtle advantages in terms of the mRNA profile over the vitrification of immature oocytes. Therefore, this study provides a new perspective for understanding the impact of vitrification on equine oocytes and can be the basis for further improvements in the efficiency of equine oocyte vitrification.
Publication Date: 2023-04-07 PubMed ID: 37108081PubMed Central: PMC10138936DOI: 10.3390/ijms24086915Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article

Summary

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This research focuses on studying the differences at molecular level in horse eggs (oocytes) vitrified (freezing process) before and after lab-based maturation. The goal is to increase understanding of the impact of cryopreservation on these oocytes, with a view to improving horse embryo production in vitro.

Overview of the Study

  • The research is conducted in the context of in vitro embryo production in horses, a widely accepted clinical practice. The main challenge faced in this practice is the low blastocyst rates from vitrified equine oocytes. Cryopreservation, or the freezing process, seems to affect the developmental potential of the oocytes, and this effect can be seen in the messenger RNA (mRNA) profile of the oocytes.
  • The researchers, therefore, aimed to compare the mRNA profiles or transcriptomes of mature equine oocytes that were vitrified either before or after in vitro maturation. They analyzed three groups of oocytes with RNA sequencing: fresh in vitro matured oocytes as a control, oocytes vitrified after maturation, and oocytes which were vitrified while immature, then warmed and matured in vitro.

Findings of the Study

  • The researchers found differences in gene expression between the vitrified groups and the fresh group. Comparing vitrified immature oocytes (VIM) with fresh oocytes, they identified 46 differentially expressed (DE) genes, of which 14 were upregulated (increased in expression) and 32 were downregulated (decreased in expression).
  • In contrast, 36 DE genes were found when comparing oocytes vitrified after maturation (VMAT) with fresh oocytes, with 18 each in the upregulated and downregulated categories.
  • Comparing VIM with VMAT resulted in 44 DE genes, with 20 upregulated and 24 downregulated. Therefore, there were molecular differences in oocytes vitrified before and after in vitro.
  • The researchers conducted pathway analyses, looking at activities or functions that involved more than one gene. They found that the main pathways affected in vitrified oocytes were cytoskeleton, spindle formation, and calcium and cation ion transport and homeostasis. This tells us about the potential effects of vitrification on oocyte functions.
  • Overall, they found that vitrifying oocytes after in vitro maturation had some minor advantages over vitrifying them while still immature, when looking at the mRNA profiles. However, both methods did result in significant transcriptional changes.

Impact of the Study

  • This research has added a new perspective to our understanding of the impact of vitrification on equine oocytes. It has provided valuable insights for improving the efficiency of equine oocyte vitrification, thereby potentially increasing the success rates of in vitro horse embryo production.

Cite This Article

APA
Angel-Velez D, Meese T, Hedia M, Fernandez-Montoro A, De Coster T, Pascottini OB, Van Nieuwerburgh F, Govaere J, Van Soom A, Pavani K, Smits K. (2023). Transcriptomics Reveal Molecular Differences in Equine Oocytes Vitrified before and after In Vitro Maturation. Int J Mol Sci, 24(8), 6915. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24086915

Publication

ISSN: 1422-0067
NlmUniqueID: 101092791
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 24
Issue: 8
PII: 6915

Researcher Affiliations

Angel-Velez, Daniel
  • Department of Internal Medicine, Reproduction and Population Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium.
  • Research Group in Animal Sciences-INCA-CES, Universidad CES, Medellin 050021, Colombia.
Meese, Tim
  • Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
Hedia, Mohamed
  • Department of Internal Medicine, Reproduction and Population Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium.
  • Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt.
Fernandez-Montoro, Andrea
  • Department of Internal Medicine, Reproduction and Population Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium.
De Coster, Tine
  • Department of Internal Medicine, Reproduction and Population Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium.
Pascottini, Osvaldo Bogado
  • Department of Internal Medicine, Reproduction and Population Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium.
Van Nieuwerburgh, Filip
  • Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
Govaere, Jan
  • Department of Internal Medicine, Reproduction and Population Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium.
Van Soom, Ann
  • Department of Internal Medicine, Reproduction and Population Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium.
Pavani, Krishna
  • Department of Internal Medicine, Reproduction and Population Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium.
  • Department for Reproductive Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Corneel Heymanslaan 10, 9000 Gent, Belgium.
Smits, Katrien
  • Department of Internal Medicine, Reproduction and Population Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium.

MeSH Terms

  • Horses / genetics
  • Animals
  • In Vitro Oocyte Maturation Techniques / methods
  • Transcriptome
  • Oocytes / metabolism
  • Cryopreservation / veterinary
  • Cryopreservation / methods
  • Vitrification

Grant Funding

  • 2018000504 (GOA030-18 BOF / Bijzonder Onderzoeksfonds GOA (Geconcerteerde onderzoeksacties)
  • 860960 / European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Sku0142odow-ska-Curie
  • 1139820N, 1228821N, and 12Y5220N / Research Foundation Flanders
  • NA / COLFUTURO and and the Ministerio de Ciencia Tecnologu00eda Innovaciu00f3n

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest. The funders had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript; or in the decision to publish the results.

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