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Journal of medical entomology2005; 42(3); 404-408; doi: 10.1093/jmedent/42.3.404

Transmission of a Venezuelan equine encephalitis complex Alphavirus by Culex (Melanoconion) gnomatos (Diptera: Culicidae) in northeastern Peru.

Abstract: Venezuelan equine encephalitis (VEE) complex alphaviruses are serious health threats in the Americas and regularly infect humans living in or near Amazonian rain forests. As part of a larger surveillance program, we placed six hamster-baited mosquito traps in a disturbed white sand forest of northeastern Peru for 3 d. Virus isolations from hamster serum and trapped mosquito pools demonstrated that a VEE subtype IIIC alphavirus was transmitted to a hamster by the mosquito Culex (Melanoconion) gnomatos Sallum, Hutchings & Ferreira. This species, like the other seven proven VEE complex alphavirus vectors, is a member of the Spissipes section of this subgenus. The composition of mosquitoes collected at the site over the sampling period was typical for the region.
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Publication Date: 2005-06-21 PubMed ID: 15962794DOI: 10.1093/jmedent/42.3.404Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article
  • Research Support
  • N.I.H.
  • Extramural
  • Research Support
  • Non-U.S. Gov't
  • Research Support
  • U.S. Gov't
  • Non-P.H.S.
  • Research Support
  • U.S. Gov't
  • P.H.S.

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research paper focuses on conducting a field surveillance on the transmission of Venezuelan equine encephalitis (VEE) complex alphaviruses by the mosquito species Culex (Melanoconion) gnomatos in northeastern Peru. The study identifies this mosquito species as a transmitter of VEE subtype IIIC alphavirus.

Methodology

  • The study was part of a larger surveillance program aimed at investigating the transmission of Venezuelan equine encephalitis (VEE) complex alphaviruses in the Americas.
  • Six hamster-baited mosquito traps were employed in a disturbed white sand forest of northeastern Peru for a period of 3 days.

Findings and Analysis

  • The researchers isolated viruses from hamster serum and trapped mosquito pools. The findings demonstrated that VEE subtype IIIC alphavirus was transmitted to a hamster by the mosquito Culex (Melanoconion) gnomatos.
  • This mosquito species, like the other seven proven VEE complex alphavirus vectors, belongs to the Spissipes section of this subgenus. In other words, the study confirmed that Culex (Melanoconion) gnomatos is a vector, or carrier, of VEE complex alphaviruses.
  • The composition of the mosquitoes collected at the site during the sampling period was found to be typical for the region, providing further validity to the results of the study.

Significance

  • Understanding the transmission of VEE complex alphaviruses is crucial because they pose serious health threats, particularly in the Americas where they often infect humans living in or around Amazonian rain forests.
  • The study contributes to the knowledge of mosquito vector behavior and potential strategies for controlling the transmission of VEE complex alphaviruses.

Cite This Article

APA
Yanoviak SP, Aguilar PV, Lounibos LP, Weaver SC. (2005). Transmission of a Venezuelan equine encephalitis complex Alphavirus by Culex (Melanoconion) gnomatos (Diptera: Culicidae) in northeastern Peru. J Med Entomol, 42(3), 404-408. https://doi.org/10.1093/jmedent/42.3.404

Publication

Journal of medical entomology
ISSN: 0022-2585
NlmUniqueID: 0375400
Country: England
Language: English
Volume: 42
Issue: 3
Pages: 404-408

Researcher Affiliations

Yanoviak, Stephen P
  • Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX 77555-0609, USA.
Aguilar, Patricia V
    Lounibos, L Philip
      Weaver, Scott C

        MeSH Terms

        • Animals
        • Cricetinae
        • Culex / virology
        • Encephalitis Virus, Venezuelan Equine / classification
        • Encephalitis Virus, Venezuelan Equine / isolation & purification
        • Encephalomyelitis, Venezuelan Equine / transmission
        • Insect Vectors / virology
        • Mesocricetus / virology
        • Peru
        • Phylogeny
        • Viremia / virology

        Grant Funding

        • AI049725 / NIAID NIH HHS

        Citations

        This article has been cited 8 times.
        1. Montalvo-Sabino E, Marquez-Ocaña OP, Otiniano-Moreno GA, Chuquiyauri-Talenas MA, Melo T, Seixas G, Parreira R, de Almeida APG. Description of New Morphological Variation of Culex (Culex) coronator Dyar and Knab, 1906 and First Report of Culex (Carrollia) bonnei Dyar, 1921 Found in the Central Region of Peru. Neotrop Entomol 2024 Aug;53(4):987-996.
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        2. Sloyer KE, Santos M, Rivera E, Reeves LE, Carrera JP, Vittor AY, Valderrama A, Burkett-Cadena ND. Evaluating sampling strategies for enzootic Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus vectors in Florida and Panama. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2022 Apr;16(4):e0010329.
          doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010329pubmed: 35417476google scholar: lookup
        3. Torres-Gutierrez C, de Oliveira TMP, Emerson KJ, Sterlino Bergo E, Mureb Sallum MA. Molecular phylogeny of Culex subgenus Melanoconion (Diptera: Culicidae) based on nuclear and mitochondrial protein-coding genes. R Soc Open Sci 2018 May;5(5):171900.
          doi: 10.1098/rsos.171900pubmed: 29892381google scholar: lookup
        4. Fernandez R, Lopez V, Cardenas R, Requena E. Description of Lutzomyia (Trichophoromyia) nautaensis n. sp. (Diptera: Psychodidae) from the Peruvian Amazon Basin. J Med Entomol 2015 Jul;52(4):622-5.
          doi: 10.1093/jme/tjv057pubmed: 26335468google scholar: lookup
        5. Long KC, Ziegler SA, Thangamani S, Hausser NL, Kochel TJ, Higgs S, Tesh RB. Experimental transmission of Mayaro virus by Aedes aegypti. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2011 Oct;85(4):750-7.
          doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.2011.11-0359pubmed: 21976583google scholar: lookup
        6. Aguilar PV, Estrada-Franco JG, Navarro-Lopez R, Ferro C, Haddow AD, Weaver SC. Endemic Venezuelan equine encephalitis in the Americas: hidden under the dengue umbrella. Future Virol 2011;6(6):721-740.
          doi: 10.2217/FVL.11.5pubmed: 21765860google scholar: lookup
        7. Aguilar PV, Morrison AC, Rocha C, Watts DM, Beingolea L, Suarez V, Vargas J, Cruz C, Guevara C, Montgomery JM, Tesh RB, Kochel TJ. Guaroa virus infection among humans in Bolivia and Peru. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2010 Sep;83(3):714-21.
          doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.2010.10-0116pubmed: 20810845google scholar: lookup
        8. Morrison AC, Forshey BM, Notyce D, Astete H, Lopez V, Rocha C, Carrion R, Carey C, Eza D, Montgomery JM, Kochel TJ. Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus in Iquitos, Peru: urban transmission of a sylvatic strain. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2008;2(12):e349.
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