Two Methods for 24-hour Holter Monitoring in Horses: Evaluation of Recording Performance at Rest and During Exercise.
Abstract: Continuous electrocardiography (ECG) monitoring is the gold standard for diagnosing arrhythmias that occur intermittently or under exercise. The aim of this study was to compare two different methods for 24-hour Holter monitoring in horses, a 7-electrode system (7-ES) versus a 4-electrode system (4-ES), assessing the recording performance at rest and during exercise. Six standardbred horses were included in the present prospective study. Two different methods for 24-hour Holter monitoring were used in each horse with a washout period of one week between each recording method. In the first 15 minutes of the 24-hour Holter monitoring, a standard exercise test was performed. Holter recordings were analyzed in terms of the number of recorded hours; the number of detached electrodes (DEs); and total duration of artifacts over the 15-minute exercise. The number of recorded hours was significantly higher in the 7-ES (24 hours, range: 23-24 hours) than the 4-ES (6.5 hours, range: 1.2-20 hours; P < .05). The number of DEs was not significantly different between the two systems. The total duration of artifacts over the 15-minute exercise was significantly higher in the 7-ES (155 seconds, range: 35-378 seconds) than in the 4-ES (25 seconds, range: 10-32 seconds; P < .05). Our results showed a better recording performance during exercise using the 4-ES because of the lower number of artifacts. The 7-ES showed a better performance in terms of recording duration. In conclusion, we suggest using the 4-ES for exercise tests and the 7-ES when a longer ECG recording at rest is required.
Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Publication Date: 2019-06-19 PubMed ID: 31405491DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2019.06.001Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
- Biomechanics
- Cardiac Arrhythmias
- Clinical Examination
- Clinical Findings
- Clinical Pathology
- Clinical Study
- Comparative Study
- Diagnosis
- Diagnostic Technique
- Disease Diagnosis
- Disease Treatment
- Electrocardiography
- Equine Health
- Exercise
- Exercise Physiology
- Heart Rate
- Horses
- Physiology
- Standardbred Horses
- Veterinary Medicine
- Veterinary Research
Summary
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The research article discusses a study comparing two methods (7-electrode system and 4-electrode system) of 24-hour Holter monitoring in horses. The study aims to evaluate which method performs better during resting state and exercise. The data concludes that the 4-electrode system is more effective during exercise due to lower artifacts, whereas the 7-electrode system is recommended for longer rest periods due to its extended recording duration.
Methods
- The study included six standardbred horses and implemented two different methods for 24-hour Holter monitoring with a washout period of one week between each recording method.
- During the initial 15 minutes of the 24-hour Holter monitoring, a standard exercise test was performed to evaluate the systems’ performance under physical stress.
Measurements
- The comparative evaluation of the two approaches focused on three metrics: the number of recorded hours, the number of detached electrodes (DEs) and the total duration of artifacts (irregularities) over the 15-minute exercise.
Results
- The 7-electrode system was able to record for significantly longer durations (24 hours, with a range of 23-24 hours) than the 4-electrode system (6.5 hours, with a range of 1.2-20 hours).
- However, there was no significant difference between the number of detached electrodes in the two systems.
- The duration of artifacts during the 15-minute exercise was significantly higher in the 7-electrode system (155 seconds, with a range of 35-378 seconds) than the 4-electrode system (25 seconds, with a range of 10-32 seconds).
Conclusion
- Based on the obtained data, the researchers concluded that the 4-electrode system showcases enhanced performance during exercise due to its lower count of artifacts.
- On the other hand, the 7-electrode system demonstrated superior performance for extended recording periods at rest.
- The study suggests using the 4-electrode system for exercise tests and the 7-electrode system when longer electrocardiography recordings at rest are needed.
Cite This Article
APA
Vezzosi T, Vitale V, Sgorbini M, Tognetti R, Bonelli F.
(2019).
Two Methods for 24-hour Holter Monitoring in Horses: Evaluation of Recording Performance at Rest and During Exercise.
J Equine Vet Sci, 79, 127-130.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jevs.2019.06.001 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Camden, NSW, Australia.
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy. Electronic address: rosalba.tognetti@unipi.it.
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Arrhythmias, Cardiac / veterinary
- Electrocardiography
- Electrocardiography, Ambulatory
- Exercise Test / veterinary
- Horses
- Prospective Studies
Citations
This article has been cited 2 times.- Turini L, Bonelli F, Lanatà A, Vitale V, Nocera I, Sgorbini M, Mele M. Validation of a new smart textiles biotechnology for heart rate variability monitoring in sheep.. Front Vet Sci 2022;9:1018213.
- Vitale V, Vezzosi T, Tognetti R, Fraschetti C, Sgorbini M. Evaluation of a new portable 1-lead digital cardiac monitor (eKuore) compared with standard base-apex electrocardiography in healthy horses.. PLoS One 2021;16(8):e0255247.
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