Type A influenza virus detection from horses by real-time RT-PCR and insulated isothermal RT-PCR.
Abstract: Equine influenza (EI) is a highly contagious disease of horses caused by the equine influenza virus (EIV) H3N8 subtype. EI is the most important respiratory virus infection of horses and can disrupt major equestrian events and cause significant economic losses to the equine industry worldwide. Influenza H3N8 virus spreads rapidly in susceptible horses and can result in very high morbidity within 24-48 h after exposure to the virus. Therefore, rapid and accurate diagnosis of EI is critical for implementation of prevention and control measures to avoid the spread of EIV and to reduce the economic impact of the disease. The probe-based real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) assays targeting various EIV genes are reported to be highly sensitive and specific compared to the Directigen Flu A(®) test and virus isolation in embryonated hens' eggs. Recently, a TaqMan(®) probe-based insulated isothermal RT-PCR (iiRT-PCR) assay for the detection of EIV H3N8 subtype has been described. These molecular based diagnostic assays provide a fast and reliable means of EIV detection and disease surveillance.
Publication Date: 2014-06-06 PubMed ID: 24899448DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-0758-8_34Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
Summary
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This research article discusses the effectiveness of real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) and insulated isothermal RT-PCR assays in the detection of Equine influenza virus (EIV) H3N8 subtype, a major contagious disease amongst horses causing significant economic impact in the equine industry.
Understanding Equine Influenza
- Equine influenza (EI) is a highly infectious disease affecting horses, and is caused by the EIV H3N8 subtype.
- As the most significant respiratory virus infection in horses, it is capable of disrupting large equestrian events and triggering substantial economic losses globally.
- The H3N8 virus strain spreads quickly among susceptible horses, potentially resulting in high morbidity rates within 24-48 hours of viral exposure.
The Importance of Rapid and Accurate Diagnosis
- Rapid and accurate diagnosis of EI is crucial for the prevention and control of the disease to mitigate economic losses and prevent its spread.
- The probe-based rRT-PCR tests, which target various EIV genes, have been reported to be highly sensitive and specific compared to other tests such as the Directigen Flu A® test and virus isolation in embryonated hens’ eggs.
Efficiency of RT-PCR Assays
- A recent innovation is the use of a TaqMan® probe-based insulated isothermal RT-PCR (iiRT-PCR) assay specifically for the detection of the EIV H3N8 subtype.
- These molecular-based diagnostic assays are providing a speedy and dependable method for detecting EIV and surveying the progress and scope of the disease.
Cite This Article
APA
Balasuriya UB.
(2014).
Type A influenza virus detection from horses by real-time RT-PCR and insulated isothermal RT-PCR.
Methods Mol Biol, 1161, 393-402.
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-0758-8_34 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, 108 Maxwell H. Gluck Equine Research Center, Lexington, KY, 40546-0099, USA, ubalasuriya@uky.edu.
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Horses / virology
- Influenza A Virus, H3N8 Subtype / genetics
- Influenza A Virus, H3N8 Subtype / isolation & purification
- Influenza A Virus, H7N7 Subtype / genetics
- Influenza A Virus, H7N7 Subtype / isolation & purification
- Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction / methods
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction / methods
Citations
This article has been cited 6 times.- Zhao Z, Zhang J, Xu ML, Liu ZP, Wang H, Liu M, Yu YY, Sun L, Zhang H, Wu HY. A rapidly new-typed detection of norovirus based on F(0)F(1)-ATPase molecular motor biosensor.. Biotechnol Bioprocess Eng 2016;21(1):128-133.
- Singh RK, Dhama K, Karthik K, Khandia R, Munjal A, Khurana SK, Chakraborty S, Malik YS, Virmani N, Singh R, Tripathi BN, Munir M, van der Kolk JH. A Comprehensive Review on Equine Influenza Virus: Etiology, Epidemiology, Pathobiology, Advances in Developing Diagnostics, Vaccines, and Control Strategies.. Front Microbiol 2018;9:1941.
- Ambagala A, Fisher M, Goolia M, Nfon C, Furukawa-Stoffer T, Ortega Polo R, Lung O. Field-Deployable Reverse Transcription-Insulated Isothermal PCR (RT-iiPCR) Assay for Rapid and Sensitive Detection of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus.. Transbound Emerg Dis 2017 Oct;64(5):1610-1623.
- Go YY, Rajapakse RPVJ, Kularatne SAM, Lee PA, Ku KB, Nam S, Chou PH, Tsai YL, Liu YL, Chang HG, Wang HT, Balasuriya UBR. A Pan-Dengue Virus Reverse Transcription-Insulated Isothermal PCR Assay Intended for Point-of-Need Diagnosis of Dengue Virus Infection by Use of the POCKIT Nucleic Acid Analyzer.. J Clin Microbiol 2016 Jun;54(6):1528-1535.
- Yamanaka T, Nemoto M, Bannai H, Tsujimura K, Kondo T, Matsumura T, Gildea S, Cullinane A. Evaluation of twenty-two rapid antigen detection tests in the diagnosis of Equine Influenza caused by viruses of H3N8 subtype.. Influenza Other Respir Viruses 2016 Mar;10(2):127-33.
- Wilkes RP, Lee PY, Tsai YL, Tsai CF, Chang HH, Chang HF, Wang HT. An insulated isothermal PCR method on a field-deployable device for rapid and sensitive detection of canine parvovirus type 2 at points of need.. J Virol Methods 2015 Aug;220:35-8.
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