Ultrasound-guided intrafollicular treatment in mares.
Abstract: A technique for intrafollicular treatment with a transvaginal ultrasound-guided injection needle was developed using equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) as the test substance. An injection was made into one growing follicle of a wave when the follicles were 20 to 23 mm. The treated follicles were injected with 1000 iu of eCG in 0.2 ml saline solution and control follicles were injected with 0.2 ml of the saline vehicle (10 mares per group, 1 follicle per mare). The injection system used an inner 25-gauge needle and an outer 20-gauge needle inserted together through the needle-guide channel of a linear-array trans vaginal transducer. The outer needle was pushed through the vaginal wall and the inner needle was then advanced into the follicle during monitoring on the ultrasound screen. The turbulence in the follicular fluid associated with injection was observable on the screen. Seven follicles were successfully injected in each group. The follicular fluid in the control follicles remained anechoic until the follicle was no longer identifiable or ovulated. All 7 follicles in the eCG group showed ultrasonic indications of luteinization, based on the formation of an echogenic, thickened wall or area. Five of the 7 developed a central area that had the ultrasonic appearance of a blood clot similar to the appearance of a corpus hemorrhagicum. Ovulation was not detected in any of the eCG-treated follicles. The maximum post-treatment diameter of follicles was greater (P < 0.05) for the eCG group (32.7 +/- 3.8 mm) than for the control group (23.4 +/- 1.8 mm). The mean diameter for the first 5 days post-treatment (before the occurrence of an ovulation in any mare) was also greater (P < 0.002) in the eCG group (21.6 +/- 0.8 mm vs 19.6 +/- 0.8 mm). Results indicated that this novel research approach is practical and has potential for studies on folliculogenesis. The technique provides a research model between the extremes of an in vitro culture system and treatment of the whole animal.
Publication Date: 1995-11-01 PubMed ID: 16727797DOI: 10.1016/0093-691x(95)00289-kGoogle Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
Summary
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The study focuses on a developed technique of intrafollicular treatment in mares guided by transvaginal ultrasound, where equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) was a test substance. The results showed that this novel approach holds potential for further research on folliculogenesis.
Objective of the research
- The main objective of the study was to develop a method for intrafollicular treatment in mares using ultrasound guidance. The technique was tested using equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) as a test substance.
Methodology of the research
- The researchers used a transvaginal ultrasound-guided injection needle and performed an injection into one growing follicle in a mare when the follicle was between 20 to 23mm.
- Both treated and control follicles were injected with: the treated ones received 1000 iu of eCG in 0.2 ml saline solution, and the control ones received only 0.2 ml of saline.
- An injection system was used with two needles – the inner one of 25-gauge and the outer of 20-gauge. The outer needle went through the vaginal wall, after which the inner needle was advanced into the follicle. All procedures were monitored on an ultrasound screen, which allowed to observe turbulence in the follicular fluid associated with these manipulations.
Findings of the research
- A total of seven follicles were successfully injected in each group.
- The fluid in the control follicles remained anechoic, i.e., showing no response to the ultrasound waves until the follicles either disappeared or ovulated.
- All seven follicles in the eCG group demonstrated ultrasonic indications of luteinization – the formation of an echogenic, thickened wall or area. In addition, five out of seven developed a central area with the ultrasonic appearance similar to a blood clot (a corpus hemorrhagicum).
- No ovulation was observed in any of the eCG-treated follicles. However, the maximum post-treatment diameter was significantly larger in the eCG group compared to the control group.
Implication of the research findings
- Based on the study’s data, this novel technique for intrafollicular treatment guided by transvaginal ultrasound presents a practical approach with potential for studies on folliculogenesis.
- It also offers a novel research model between two existing extreme methodologies: an in vitro culture system and treatment of the whole animal.
Cite This Article
APA
Gastal EL, Kot K, Ginther OJ.
(1995).
Ultrasound-guided intrafollicular treatment in mares.
Theriogenology, 44(7), 1027-1037.
https://doi.org/10.1016/0093-691x(95)00289-k Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Animal Health and Biomedical Sciences, 1655 Linden Drive, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
Citations
This article has been cited 4 times.- Ishak GM, Bashir ST, Dutra GA, Gastal GDA, Gastal MO, Cavinder CA, Feugang JM, Gastal EL. In vivo antral follicle wall biopsy: a new research technique to study ovarian function at the cellular and molecular levels.. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2018 Jul 28;16(1):71.
- Tsukada T, Sato K, Moriyoshi M, Koyago M, Sawamukai Y. Treatment with a High Dose Combination of PMSG/hCG Preparation of Mares Clinically Diagnosed with Ovarian Quiescence during the Breeding Season (Investigation from 1975 to 2000).. J Equine Sci 2008;19(2):35-8.
- Caillaud M, Duchamp G, Gérard N. In vivo effect of interleukin-1beta and interleukin-1RA on oocyte cytoplasmic maturation, ovulation, and early embryonic development in the mare.. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2005 Jun 22;3:26.
- Singh J, Adams GP, Pierson RA. Promise of new imaging technologies for assessing ovarian function.. Anim Reprod Sci 2003 Oct 15;78(3-4):371-99.
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