Ultrastructural changes in skeletal muscle after fatiguing exercise.
Abstract: Thoroughbred horses were exercised to fatigue at 40, 85, and 100% of their maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) on a treadmill and completed a 1,600-m gallop on a track to identify the effect of exercise of various durations and intensities on the ultrastructure of mitochondria and sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) from the middle gluteal muscle. The percentage of the total area occupied by mitochondria and SR increased in electron micrographs of muscle samples collected at the termination of exercise and at 30 and 60 min of recovery compared with those collected before exercise. Mitochondrial area increased 3- to 4-fold and SR area approximately 1.6-fold after exercise at the intensities greater than 40% of the VO2max. Smaller increases occurred in response to exercise at 40% of the VO2max. Areas were not different from rest in samples collected after 60 min of recovery. The reversal of ultrastructural alterations paralleled the trend toward normalization of muscle temperature, muscle pH, and the concentrations of selected muscle metabolites.
Publication Date: 1992-03-01 PubMed ID: 1568966DOI: 10.1152/jappl.1992.72.3.1111Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
Summary
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This research explored the impact of exercise of varying intensities and durations on cellular structures called mitochondria and the sarcoplasmic reticulum in the muscles of thoroughbred horses. They found that the intensity of the exercise determines the degree of cellular changes, with higher intensities causing significantly expanded mitochondrial and sarcoplic reticulum areas in muscle cells.
Research Methodology
- Thoroughbred horses underwent fatigue exercises at varying intensities and durations, specifically, 40%, 85%, and 100% of their maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) on a treadmill and a 1,600-metre gallop on a track.
- These exercises were designed to determine how different levels and lengths of exercise would affect two distinct elements of the cell: the mitochondria and the sarcoplic reticulum (SR) both located in the middle gluteal muscle of the horses.
Key Findings
- Researchers observed an increase in the areas occupied by mitochondria and SR in the samples taken immediately after the exercise and 30 and 60 minutes into recovery as opposed to those collected before the exercise.
- After the horses performed exercises at intensities higher than 40% of their VO2max, there was an observed 3- to 4-fold increase in mitochondrial area and about a 1.6-fold increase in the SR area.
- When the exercises were performed at 40% of the VO2max, the increase in mitochondrial and SR areas was less dramatic.
- There were no significant changes in the mitochondrial and SR areas in the samples taken after 60 minutes of recovery, indicating a reversal of the ultrastructural alterations caused by the exercise.
Implications and Conclusions
- The trend of ultrastructural alterations in the cells paralleled the normalization of muscle temperature, muscle pH, and the concentrations of selected muscle metabolites during the recovery phase.
- This suggests that there may be a direct relationship between exercise intensity, cellular ultrastructural changes, and the subsequent process of recovery and normalization of muscle functions.
- Further research may be needed to uncover the implications of these changes in human exercise routines and how they could be applied to improve workout results or post-workout recovery processes.
Cite This Article
APA
McCutcheon LJ, Byrd SK, Hodgson DR.
(1992).
Ultrastructural changes in skeletal muscle after fatiguing exercise.
J Appl Physiol (1985), 72(3), 1111-1117.
https://doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1992.72.3.1111 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Department of Veterinary and Comparative Anatomy, Washington State University, Pullman 99164.
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Body Temperature
- Fatigue / pathology
- Fatigue / physiopathology
- Female
- Horses
- Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
- Male
- Microscopy, Electron
- Mitochondria, Muscle / ultrastructure
- Muscles / injuries
- Muscles / physiopathology
- Muscles / ultrastructure
- Oxygen Consumption
- Physical Exertion / physiology
- Sarcoplasmic Reticulum / ultrastructure
Citations
This article has been cited 12 times.- de Meeûs d'Argenteuil C, Boshuizen B, Vidal Moreno de Vega C, Leybaert L, de Maré L, Goethals K, De Spiegelaere W, Oosterlinck M, Delesalle C. Comparison of Shifts in Skeletal Muscle Plasticity Parameters in Horses in Three Different Muscles, in Answer to 8 Weeks of Harness Training.. Front Vet Sci 2021;8:718866.
- Verdegaal EJMM, Howarth GS, McWhorter TJ, Boshuizen B, Franklin SH, Vidal Moreno de Vega C, Jonas SE, Folwell LE, Delesalle CJG. Continuous Monitoring of the Thermoregulatory Response in Endurance Horses and Trotter Horses During Field Exercise: Baselining for Future Hot Weather Studies.. Front Physiol 2021;12:708737.
- Di Meo S, Venditti P. Evolution of the Knowledge of Free Radicals and Other Oxidants.. Oxid Med Cell Longev 2020;2020:9829176.
- Di Meo S, Napolitano G, Venditti P. Mediators of Physical Activity Protection against ROS-Linked Skeletal Muscle Damage.. Int J Mol Sci 2019 Jun 20;20(12).
- Tunc-Ata M, Mergen-Dalyanoglu M, Turgut S, Turgut G. Effect of acute and chronic exercise on plasma matrix metalloproteinase and total antioxidant levels.. J Exerc Rehabil 2017 Oct;13(5):508-513.
- Di Meo S, Reed TT, Venditti P, Victor VM. Role of ROS and RNS Sources in Physiological and Pathological Conditions.. Oxid Med Cell Longev 2016;2016:1245049.
- O'Connell GC, Nichols C, Guo G, Croston TL, Thapa D, Hollander JM, Pistilli EE. IL-15Rα deficiency in skeletal muscle alters respiratory function and the proteome of mitochondrial subpopulations independent of changes to the mitochondrial genome.. Mitochondrion 2015 Nov;25:87-97.
- Pistilli EE, Guo G, Stauber WT. IL-15Rα deficiency leads to mitochondrial and myofiber differences in fast mouse muscles.. Cytokine 2013 Jan;61(1):41-5.
- Enns D, Green H, Tupling R, Burnett M, Grant S, Ranney D. Alterations in sarcoplasmic reticulum function in female vastus lateralis with eccentric exercise.. Mol Cell Biochem 1999 Dec;202(1-2):19-30.
- Zamora AJ, Tessier F, Marconnet P, Margaritis I, Marini JF. Mitochondria changes in human muscle after prolonged exercise, endurance training and selenium supplementation.. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol 1995;71(6):505-11.
- Warren GL, Lowe DA, Hayes DA, Karwoski CJ, Prior BM, Armstrong RB. Excitation failure in eccentric contraction-induced injury of mouse soleus muscle.. J Physiol 1993 Aug;468:487-99.
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