Use of an inertial measurement unit to assess the effect of forelimb lameness on three-dimensional hoof orientation in horses at a walk and trot.
Abstract: To determine intralimb orientation changes with an inertial measurement unit (IMU) in hooves of horses at a walk and trot after induction of weight-bearing single forelimb lameness and to determine whether hoof orientations are similar to baseline values following perineural anesthesia. Methods: 6 clinically normal horses. Methods: 3-D hoof orientations were determined with an IMU mounted on the right forelimb hoof during baseline conditions, during 3 grades of lameness (induced by application of pressure to the sole), and after perineural anesthesia. Linear acceleration profiles were used to segment the stride into hoof breakover, stance, initial swing, terminal swing, and total swing phases. Intralimb data comparisons were made for each stride segment. A repeated-measures mixed-model ANOVA was used for data analysis. Results: Lameness resulted in significant changes in hoof orientation in all planes of rotation. A significant increase in external rotation and abduction and a significant decrease in sagittal plane rotation of the hoof were detected at hoof breakover during lameness conditions. For sagittal plane orientation data, the SDs determined following perineural anesthesia were higher than the SDs for baseline and lameness conditions. Conclusions: Results of this study indicated the IMU could be used to detect 3-D hoof orientation changes following induction of mild lameness at a walk and trot. An increase in data variability for a sagittal orientation may be useful for assessment of local anesthesia for hooves. The IMU should be further evaluated for use in clinical evaluation of forelimb lameness in horses.
Publication Date: 2014-08-27 PubMed ID: 25157883DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.75.9.800Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
Summary
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The research explores the use of an inertial measurement unit (IMU) to study changes in three-dimensional hoof orientation in horses induced with single forelimb lameness, and to find out if these orientations return to their baseline values after perineural anesthesia.
Objective and Methods
- The main aim of the research was to understand if any changes could be observed in hoof orientation when horses are induced with single forelimb lameness, i.e., difficulty or abnormality in a horse’s gait due to discomfort or disorder, and how these changes are affected after the application of perineural anesthesia.
- The study was conducted on six clinically normal horses. An ICNM was attached on the right forelimb hoof of these horses in varying conditions – baseline, during three stages of induced lameness, and after perineural anesthesia.
- In order to achieve a detailed analysis, the horse’s stride was broken down into various phases: hoof breakover, stance, initial swing, terminal swing, and total swing phases.
Analysis and Results
- In order to compare the data obtained in each stride segment, the researchers used a statistical method known as repeated-measures mixed-model ANOVA.
- Upon analysis, it was observed that lameness resulted in significant changes in the hoof’s orientation in all planes of rotation. During lameness, an increase in external rotation and abduction were detected at the hoof breakover phase. Simultaneously, a decrease was noticed in sagittal plane rotation of the hoof.
- After administering perineural anesthesia, the standard deviations (SDs) for sagittal plane orientation were found to be higher as compared to the conditions of baseline or lameness.
Conclusions
- The study concluded that the IMU could effectively detect changes in three-dimensional hoof orientation following the induction of mild lameness in horses. This points towards the IMU’s potential efficacy and application in studying and understanding changes in motion and orientation in horses at a walk and trot.
- The increase in data variability in sagittal orientation post anesthesia might prove helpful for assessing the effect of local anesthesia on horse hooves.
- The study suggests that the IMU should further be evaluated for its clinical use in diagnosing and assessing forelimb lameness in horses.
Cite This Article
APA
Moorman VJ, Reiser RF, Mahaffey CA, Peterson ML, McIlwraith CW, Kawcak CE.
(2014).
Use of an inertial measurement unit to assess the effect of forelimb lameness on three-dimensional hoof orientation in horses at a walk and trot.
Am J Vet Res, 75(9), 800-808.
https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.75.9.800 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Gail Holmes Equine Orthopaedic Research Center, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523.
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Biomechanical Phenomena
- Forelimb / pathology
- Forelimb / physiopathology
- Gait
- Hoof and Claw / physiology
- Hoof and Claw / physiopathology
- Horses / physiology
- Lameness, Animal / diagnosis
- Lameness, Animal / physiopathology
- Pressure
- Walking
- Weight-Bearing
Citations
This article has been cited 3 times.- Crecan CM, Peștean CP. Inertial Sensor Technologies-Their Role in Equine Gait Analysis, a Review.. Sensors (Basel) 2023 Jul 11;23(14).
- Atkins CA, Pond KR, Madsen CK, Moorman VJ, Roman-Muniz IN, Archibeque SL, Grandin T. Sensor analysis and initial assessment of detectable first hoof contacts and last break-overs as unique signal fluctuations for equine gait analysis.. Transl Anim Sci 2019 Jul;3(4):1389-1398.
- Tijssen M, Hernlund E, Rhodin M, Bosch S, Voskamp JP, Nielen M, Serra Braganςa FM. Automatic detection of break-over phase onset in horses using hoof-mounted inertial measurement unit sensors.. PLoS One 2020;15(5):e0233649.
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