This study examines how Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) could be used in treating inflammatory diseases in horses. It suggests that MSCs, through their immunomodulatory abilities, may provide a potential solution for treating cellular damage or degeneration in horses.

Understanding the Role of Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs)

• Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are known for their robust immunomodulatory capabilities. They are able to act via several mechanisms to control, inhibit, and coordinate the cells of the immune system. This makes them uniquely positioned to aid in the treatment of a variety of diseases.

Function of MSCs in Disease Treatment

• The MSCs play a key role in repairing various damaged or degenerating cells in the body by functioning in three main ways:
• They release cytokines, growth factors, and signaling molecules which are essential in regulating immune responses and promoting cell growth.
• They aid in extracellular vesicle (exosome) signaling which is crucial in transmitting information between cells, thus facilitating various cellular operations.
• Additionally, they donate mitochondria directly. This donation is an important process that helps in maintaining the health of cells and contributes to cellular energy production.

Concerns and Future Directions

• While these studies suggest promising outcomes, there have been some concerns raised over the effectiveness of the treatment. Some studies used MSCs grown by xenogeneic media for evaluations, which may negatively alter the effectiveness of the MSCs treatment.
• More research is needed to maximize the anti-inflammatory potential of MSCs. Despite these concerns, existing evidence suggests that MSC therapeutics are a viable avenue for further exploration and development.