FREE SHIPPING over $40
OVER 10000 FIVE-STAR REVIEWS
5% OFF ALL SUBSCRIPTIONS
100% HAPPINESS GUARANTEE
Analyze Diet
0
Veterinary immunology and immunopathology2006; 111(1-2); 47-57; doi: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2006.01.008

Use of DNA and recombinant canarypox viral (ALVAC) vectors for equine herpes virus vaccination.

Abstract: In this study, experimental canarypox virus (ALVAC) and plasmid DNA recombinant vaccines expressing the gB, gC and gD glycoproteins of EHV-1 were assessed for their ability to protect conventional ponies against a respiratory challenge with EHV-1. In addition, potential means of enhancing serological responses in horses to ALVAC and DNA vaccination were explored. These included co-administration of the antigen with conventional adjuvants, complexation with DMRIE-DOPE and co-expression of the antigen along with equine GM-CSF. Groups of EHV primed ponies were vaccinated twice intra-muscularly with one dose of the appropriate test vaccine at an interval of 5 weeks. Two to 3 weeks after the second vaccination, ponies were infected intra-nasally with the virulent Ab4 strain of EHV-1 after which they were observed clinically and sampled for virological investigations. The results demonstrated that DNA and ALVAC vaccination markedly reduced virus excretion after challenge in terms of duration and magnitude, but failed to protect against cell-associated viremia. Noteworthy was the almost complete absence of virus excretion in the group of ponies vaccinated with ALVAC-EHV in the presence of Carbopol adjuvant or DNA plasmid formulated with aluminium phosphate. The administration of the DNA vaccine in the presence of GM-CSF and formulated in DMRIE-DOPE and of the ALVAC vaccine in the presence of Carbopol adjuvant significantly improved virus neutralising antibody responses to EHV-1. These findings indicate that DNA and ALVAC vaccination is a promising approach for the immunological control of EHV-1 infection, but that more research is needed to identify the immunodominant protective antigens of EHV-1 and their interaction with the equine immune system.
Get Full Text
Publication Date: 2006-03-31 PubMed ID: 16580075DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2006.01.008Google Scholar: Lookup
The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
LinkedInCopy
  • Journal Article
  • Randomized Controlled Trial

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research article examines the effectiveness of experimental canarypox virus (ALVAC) and plasmid DNA recombinant vaccines in mitigating the effects of equine herpes virus (EHV-1) in ponies, as well as the potentially enhanced impact of these vaccines when combined with different adjuvants or expressed alongside an equine growth factor.

Research Process and Methodology

  • The key focus of the study was on evaluating vaccines constructed using the canarypox virus (ALVAC) and plasmid DNA vectors.
  • These experimental vaccines were specifically designed to express gB, gC, and gD glycoproteins of the equine herpes virus (EHV-1).
  • Different strategies were tested to enhance the horses’ serological responses to these vaccines. They included combining the antigen with conventional adjuvants, complexing with DMRIE-DOPE, and co-expressing the antigen and the equine GM-CSF(horse’s growth factor).
  • The ponies used for the research were primed with EHV before being vaccinated twice intra-muscularly with a trial vaccine, at an interval of five weeks.
  • After a period of 2-3 weeks following the second vaccination, the ponies were exposed intra-nasally to the virulent Ab4 strain of EHV-1.
  • Following the exposure, the ponies were clinically observed and sampled for virological investigations.

Findings

  • Both DNA and ALVAC vaccines were found to significantly reduce the duration and magnitude of post-infection virus excretion, although they failed to protect against cell-associated viremia (presence of virus in the bloodstream).
  • The research found that virus excretion was nearly eliminated in ponies vaccinated with ALVAC-EHV, in combination with Carbopol adjuvant, or with a DNA plasmid combined with aluminium phosphate.
  • It was also found that the use of the DNA vaccine, along with the presence of GM-CSF and being formulated in DMRIE-DOPE, increased EHV-1 virus neutralising antibody responses.
  • This was also the case when the ALVAC vaccine was used in combination with the Carbopol adjuvant.

Implications and Conclusions

  • The researchers have concluded that DNA and ALVAC vaccination represent a possible route toward improving the immunological control of EHV-1 infection.
  • However, further research is needed to identify the key immune-boosting components of the EHV-1 and investigate how they interact with the horse’s immune system.

Cite This Article

APA
Minke JM, Fischer L, Baudu P, Guigal PM, Sindle T, Mumford JA, Audonnet JC. (2006). Use of DNA and recombinant canarypox viral (ALVAC) vectors for equine herpes virus vaccination. Vet Immunol Immunopathol, 111(1-2), 47-57. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetimm.2006.01.008

Publication

Veterinary immunology and immunopathology
ISSN: 0165-2427
NlmUniqueID: 8002006
Country: Netherlands
Language: English
Volume: 111
Issue: 1-2
Pages: 47-57

Researcher Affiliations

Minke, J M
  • Merial SAS, 254 rue Marcel Mérieux, 69007 Lyon, France. jules.minke@merial.com
Fischer, L
    Baudu, Ph
      Guigal, P M
        Sindle, T
          Mumford, J A
            Audonnet, J C

              MeSH Terms

              • Adjuvants, Immunologic / pharmacology
              • Animals
              • Antibodies, Viral / blood
              • Female
              • Herpesviridae Infections / immunology
              • Herpesviridae Infections / prevention & control
              • Herpesviridae Infections / veterinary
              • Herpesviridae Infections / virology
              • Herpesvirus 1, Equid / genetics
              • Herpesvirus 1, Equid / immunology
              • Herpesvirus Vaccines / genetics
              • Herpesvirus Vaccines / immunology
              • Herpesvirus Vaccines / therapeutic use
              • Horse Diseases / immunology
              • Horse Diseases / prevention & control
              • Horse Diseases / virology
              • Horses
              • Male
              • Neutralization Tests / veterinary
              • Polymerase Chain Reaction / veterinary
              • Statistics, Nonparametric
              • Vaccination / methods
              • Vaccination / veterinary
              • Vaccines, DNA / immunology
              • Vaccines, DNA / therapeutic use
              • Viral Envelope Proteins / genetics
              • Viral Envelope Proteins / immunology
              • Viral Vaccines / genetics
              • Viral Vaccines / immunology
              • Viral Vaccines / therapeutic use

              Citations

              This article has been cited 17 times.
              1. Carnet F, Perrin-Cocon L, Paillot R, Lotteau V, Pronost S, Vidalain PO. An inventory of adjuvants used for vaccination in horses: the past, the present and the future. Vet Res 2023 Mar 2;54(1):18.
                doi: 10.1186/s13567-023-01151-3pubmed: 36864517google scholar: lookup
              2. Klouth E, Zablotski Y, Petersen JL, de Bruijn M, Gröndahl G, Müller S, Goehring LS. Epidemiological Aspects of Equid Herpesvirus-Associated Myeloencephalopathy (EHM) Outbreaks. Viruses 2022 Nov 21;14(11).
                doi: 10.3390/v14112576pubmed: 36423188google scholar: lookup
              3. Garinot M, Piras-Douce F, Probeck P, Chambon V, Varghese K, Liu Y, Luna E, Drake D, Haensler J. A potent novel vaccine adjuvant based on straight polyacrylate. Int J Pharm X 2020 Dec;2:100054.
                doi: 10.1016/j.ijpx.2020.100054pubmed: 32776001google scholar: lookup
              4. Oladunni FS, Horohov DW, Chambers TM. EHV-1: A Constant Threat to the Horse Industry. Front Microbiol 2019;10:2668.
                doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02668pubmed: 31849857google scholar: lookup
              5. Calvo-Pinilla E, Gubbins S, Mertens P, Ortego J, Castillo-Olivares J. The immunogenicity of recombinant vaccines based on modified Vaccinia Ankara (MVA) viruses expressing African horse sickness virus VP2 antigens depends on the levels of expressed VP2 protein delivered to the host. Antiviral Res 2018 Jun;154:132-139.
                doi: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2018.04.015pubmed: 29678552google scholar: lookup
              6. Draper SJ, Cottingham MG, Gilbert SC. Utilizing poxviral vectored vaccines for antibody induction-progress and prospects. Vaccine 2013 Sep 6;31(39):4223-30.
                doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2013.05.091pubmed: 23746455google scholar: lookup
              7. Lee SH, Lillehoj HS, Jang SI, Hong YH, Min W, Lillehoj EP, Yancey RJ, Dominowski P. Embryo vaccination of chickens using a novel adjuvant formulation stimulates protective immunity against Eimeria maxima infection. Vaccine 2010 Nov 16;28(49):7774-8.
                doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2010.09.051pubmed: 20956029google scholar: lookup
              8. Lee SH, Lillehoj HS, Jang SI, Lee KW, Yancey RJ, Dominowski P. The effects of a novel adjuvant complex/Eimeria profilin vaccine on the intestinal host immune response against live E. acervulina challenge infection. Vaccine 2010 Sep 7;28(39):6498-504.
                doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2010.06.116pubmed: 20637765google scholar: lookup
              9. Chiam R, Sharp E, Maan S, Rao S, Mertens P, Blacklaws B, Davis-Poynter N, Wood J, Castillo-Olivares J. Induction of antibody responses to African horse sickness virus (AHSV) in ponies after vaccination with recombinant modified vaccinia Ankara (MVA). PLoS One 2009 Jun 22;4(6):e5997.
                doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0005997pubmed: 19543394google scholar: lookup
              10. Patel JR, Heldens JG. Immunoprophylaxis against important virus disease of horses, farm animals and birds. Vaccine 2009 Mar 13;27(12):1797-1810.
                doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2008.12.063pubmed: 19402200google scholar: lookup
              11. Brun A, Albina E, Barret T, Chapman DA, Czub M, Dixon LK, Keil GM, Klonjkowski B, Le Potier MF, Libeau G, Ortego J, Richardson J, Takamatsu HH. Antigen delivery systems for veterinary vaccine development. Viral-vector based delivery systems. Vaccine 2008 Dec 2;26(51):6508-28.
                doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2008.09.044pubmed: 18838097google scholar: lookup
              12. Dhama K, Mahendran M, Gupta PK, Rai A. DNA vaccines and their applications in veterinary practice: current perspectives. Vet Res Commun 2008 Jun;32(5):341-56.
                doi: 10.1007/s11259-008-9040-3pubmed: 18425596google scholar: lookup
              13. Mealey RH, Stone DM, Hines MT, Alperin DC, Littke MH, Leib SR, Leach SE, Hines SA. Experimental Rhodococcus equi and equine infectious anemia virus DNA vaccination in adult and neonatal horses: effect of IL-12, dose, and route. Vaccine 2007 Oct 23;25(43):7582-97.
                doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2007.07.055pubmed: 17889970google scholar: lookup
              14. Ma X, Zhang M, Zhang X, Qi T, Zhang W, Zhao Y, Na L, Zhang Y, Wang XF, Wang X. Construction and Immunogenicity Evaluation of a Recombinant Fowlpox Virus Expressing VP2 Gene of African Horse Sickness Virus Serotype 1. Microorganisms 2025 Dec 9;13(12).
                doi: 10.3390/microorganisms13122807pubmed: 41472010google scholar: lookup
              15. Durán MC, Suazo M, Maturana A, Vargas MP, García A, Ahumada C, Pezoa A, Goehring LS, Lara F. First Equine Herpes Myeloencephalopathy (EHM) Outbreak in Chile. Animals (Basel) 2025 Aug 11;15(16).
                doi: 10.3390/ani15162344pubmed: 40867672google scholar: lookup
              16. Pusterla N, Dorman DC, Burgess BA, Goehring L, Gross M, Osterrieder K, Soboll Hussey G, Lunn DP. Viremia and nasal shedding for the diagnosis of equine herpesvirus-1 infection in domesticated horses. J Vet Intern Med 2024 May-Jun;38(3):1765-1791.
                doi: 10.1111/jvim.16958pubmed: 38069548google scholar: lookup
              17. Osterrieder K, Dorman DC, Burgess BA, Goehring LS, Gross P, Neinast C, Pusterla N, Hussey GS, Lunn DP. Vaccination for the prevention of equine herpesvirus-1 disease in domesticated horses: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Vet Intern Med 2024 May-Jun;38(3):1858-1871.
                doi: 10.1111/jvim.16895pubmed: 37930113google scholar: lookup
              Subscribe to our newsletter
              Join 99,780 horse owners like you who receive our email updates on horse health and nutrition.