FREE SHIPPING over $40
OVER 10000 FIVE-STAR REVIEWS
5% OFF ALL SUBSCRIPTIONS
100% HAPPINESS GUARANTEE
Analyze Diet
0
Open veterinary journal2020; 10(3); 308-316; doi: 10.4314/ovj.v10i3.9

Use of saline contrast ultrasonography in the diagnosis of complete jugular vein occlusion in a horse.

Abstract: Thrombophlebitis and thrombosis are the most common causes of jugular vein occlusion in horses. Medical and surgical treatments aim to recanalize the occluded vessel and reduce proximal venous congestion and edema. The present report describes a clinical case of equine jugular vein thrombosis (JVT) with complete vein occlusion diagnosed by saline contrast ultrasonography (SCU) and confirmed by contrast venography. Our results demonstrated that the SCU test can be easily performed and objectively interpreted using standard ultrasound equipment; it is not expensive and it does not require x-ray exposure. The SCU test is a valid tool to assess vessel patency and presence of collateral circulation in JVT. The test could therefore be used to monitor the progression of the disease and the effectiveness of therapy against JVT in horses.
Get Full Text
Publication Date: 2020-09-15 PubMed ID: 33282702PubMed Central: PMC7703613DOI: 10.4314/ovj.v10i3.9Google Scholar: Lookup
The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
LinkedInCopy
  • Case Reports
  • Journal Article

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research article discusses a case where saline contrast ultrasonography is used to diagnose a complete jugular vein occlusion in a horse. The paper asserts that this technique is simple, objective, cost-effective, and does not involve x-ray exposure, making it a valid tool for monitoring disease progression and therapeutic effectiveness in equine jugular vein thrombosis.

Jugular Vein Thrombosis in Horses

  • Jugular vein occlusion in horses is an issue primarily caused by thrombophlebitis and thrombosis. These conditions block the normal flow of blood in the animal’s vein, leading to congestion and swelling.
  • Medical and surgical interventions exist, their goal being to reopen the blocked vein and reduce the buildup of blood and subsequent swelling in areas near the occlusion.

Diagnosing Jugular Vein Occlusion

  • The research discusses a particular clinical case where a horse was diagnosed with jugular vein thrombosis, which had resulted in total vein occlusion using saline contrast ultrasonography (SCU).
  • The accuracy of the SCU diagnosis was confirmed further through a contrast venography scan.

Saline Contrast Ultrasonography (SCU)

  • From the study, it was observed that the SCU test was simple to conduct and the results easy to interpret using standard ultrasound equipment.
  • Furthermore, SCU is a relatively economical diagnostic tool and it does not expose the patient or medical professionals to x-rays, making it a safer alternative when compared to some other diagnostic techniques.

Using SCU in Disease Management

  • The article suggests that SCU can be used as a viable tool to gauge both the presence of collateral circulation in jugular vein thrombosis and the extent of the vessel’s openness or patency.
  • By providing this valuable insight into the state of the disease and the patient’s vasculature, SCU could potentially aid in monitoring the progression of the disease and assessing the efficacy of therapies administered to combat jugular vein thrombosis in horses.

Cite This Article

APA
Corda A, Columbano N, Secchi V, Scanu A, Parpaglia MLP, Careddu GM, Passino ES. (2020). Use of saline contrast ultrasonography in the diagnosis of complete jugular vein occlusion in a horse. Open Vet J, 10(3), 308-316. https://doi.org/10.4314/ovj.v10i3.9

Publication

Open veterinary journal
ISSN: 2218-6050
NlmUniqueID: 101653182
Country: Libya
Language: English
Volume: 10
Issue: 3
Pages: 308-316

Researcher Affiliations

Corda, Andrea
  • Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy.
  • Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy.
Columbano, Nicolò
  • Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy.
  • Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy.
Secchi, Valentina
  • Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy.
  • Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy.
Scanu, Antonio
  • Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy.
  • Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy.
Parpaglia, Maria Luisa Pinna
  • Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy.
  • Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy.
Careddu, Giovanni Mario
  • Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy.
  • Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy.
Passino, Eraldo Sanna
  • Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy.
  • Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Horse Diseases / diagnostic imaging
  • Horses
  • Jugular Veins / diagnostic imaging
  • Jugular Veins / pathology
  • Phlebography / veterinary
  • Thrombophlebitis / complications
  • Thrombophlebitis / diagnosis
  • Thrombophlebitis / veterinary
  • Thrombosis / complications
  • Thrombosis / diagnosis
  • Thrombosis / veterinary
  • Ultrasonography / veterinary

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest.

References

This article includes 25 references
  1. Bäumer W, Herrling GM, Feige K. Pharmacokinetics and thrombolytic effects of the recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator in horses.. BMC Vet Res 2013 Aug 9;9:158.
    pmc: PMC3750949pubmed: 23938183doi: 10.1186/1746-6148-9-158google scholar: lookup
  2. Bonagura JD, Pipers FS. Diagnosis of cardiac lesions by contrast echocardiography.. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1983 Feb 15;182(4):396-402.
    pubmed: 6833075
  3. Borghesan AC, Barbosa RG, Cerqueira NF, Takahira RK, Vulcano LC, Alves ALG, Watanabe MJ, Alonso JM, Rollo HA, Hussni CA. Evaluation of experimental jugular thrombophlebitis in horses treated with heparin. J. Equine Vet. Sci. 2018;69:59–65.
  4. Dallap Schaer BL, Epstein K. Coagulopathy of the critically ill equine patient.. J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio) 2009 Feb;19(1):53-65.
    pubmed: 19691585doi: 10.1111/j.1476-4431.2009.00390.xgoogle scholar: lookup
  5. des Lions JA, Carette O, de Broucker CA, Tainturier B, Ribot X. Utilisation de la streptokinase dans le traitement des thrombophlébites de la jugulaire chez le cheval: à propos de 2 cas cliniques. Bull la Société Vétérinaire Prat Fr. 2008;92:17–22.
  6. Dickson LR, Badcoe LM, Burbidge H, Kannegieter NJ. Jugular thrombophlebitis resulting from an anaesthetic induction technique in the horse.. Equine Vet J 1990 May;22(3):177-9.
    pubmed: 2361504doi: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.1990.tb04242.xgoogle scholar: lookup
  7. Dijkmans PA, Juffermans LJ, Musters RJ, van Wamel A, ten Cate FJ, van Gilst W, Visser CA, de Jong N, Kamp O. Microbubbles and ultrasound: from diagnosis to therapy.. Eur J Echocardiogr 2004 Aug;5(4):245-56.
    pubmed: 15219539doi: 10.1016/j.euje.2004.02.001google scholar: lookup
  8. Dolente BA, Beech J, Lindborg S, Smith G. Evaluation of risk factors for development of catheter-associated jugular thrombophlebitis in horses: 50 cases (1993-1998).. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2005 Oct 1;227(7):1134-41.
    pubmed: 16220676doi: 10.2460/javma.2005.227.1134google scholar: lookup
  9. Epstein KL. Coagulopathies in horses.. Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract 2014 Aug;30(2):437-52, ix.
    pubmed: 25016501doi: 10.1016/j.cveq.2014.04.002google scholar: lookup
  10. Feige K, Schwarzwald CC, Bombeli T. Comparison of unfractioned and low molecular weight heparin for prophylaxis of coagulopathies in 52 horses with colic: a randomised double-blind clinical trial.. Equine Vet J 2003 Jul;35(5):506-13.
    pubmed: 12875331doi: 10.2746/042516403775600514google scholar: lookup
  11. Gardner SY, Reef VB, Spencer PA. Ultrasonographic evaluation of horses with thrombophlebitis of the jugular vein: 46 cases (1985-1988).. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1991 Aug 1;199(3):370-3.
    pubmed: 1917647
  12. Gómez-Ochoa P, Llabrés-Díaz F, Ruiz S, Corda A, Prieto S, Sosa I, Gregori T, Gascón M. Ultrasonographic appearance of the intravascular transit of agitated saline in normal dogs following ultrasound guided percutaneous splenic injection.. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2010 Sep-Oct;51(5):523-6.
    pubmed: 20973386doi: 10.1111/j.1740-8261.2010.01689.xgoogle scholar: lookup
  13. Hussni CA, Barbosa RG, Borghesan AC, Rollo HA, Alves ALG, Watanabe MJ, de Vasconcelos Machando AM, Cerqueira NF. Aspectos clínicos, ultrasonográfiicos e venográfiicos da trombo flebite jugular experimental em equinos. Pesqui. Vet. Bras. 2012;32:595–600.
  14. Hussni CA, Dornbusch PT, Garcia Alves AL, Thomassian A, De Mello Nicoletti JL, Pantano De Cillo G, Vulcano LC. Avaliacao clinica e angiografica da vascularizacao consecutiva a resseccao experimental da jugular de equinos. Vet. e Zootec. 2006;13:163–168.
  15. Hussni CA, Dornbusch PT, Yoshida WB, Alves ALG, Nicoletti JLM, Mamprim MJ, Vulcano LC. Trombectomia com cateter de Fogarty no tratamento da tromboflebite jugular experimental em eqüinos. Pesqui. Vet. Bras. 2009;29:45–51.
  16. Matsuda K, Suzuki H, Tsunoda N, Taniyama H. Jugular thrombophlebitis developed from buccal ulcer in a thoroughbred horse.. J Vet Med Sci 2010 Jul;72(7):913-5.
    pubmed: 20179388doi: 10.1292/jvms.09-0571google scholar: lookup
  17. Meister D, Fürst A, Kaegi B, Struchen C, Kaser-Hotz B, Flückiger M. [Experiences with long-term intravenous therapy using teflon catheters in 80 horses].. Tierarztl Prax 1993 Oct;21(5):437-43.
    pubmed: 8248904
  18. Moreau P, Lavoie JP. Evaluation of athletic performance in horses with jugular vein thrombophlebitis: 91 cases (1988-2005).. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2009 Nov 1;235(9):1073-8.
    pubmed: 19878008doi: 10.2460/javma.235.9.1073google scholar: lookup
  19. Dias DP, de Lacerda Neto JC. Jugular thrombophlebitis in horses: a review of fibrinolysis, thrombus formation, and clinical management.. Can Vet J 2013 Jan;54(1):65-71.
    pmc: PMC3524817pubmed: 23814304
  20. Rijkenhuizen AB, van Swieten HA. Reconstruction of the jugular vein in horses with post thrombophlebitis stenosis using saphenous vein graft.. Equine Vet J 1998 May;30(3):236-9.
    pubmed: 9622324doi: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.1998.tb04493.xgoogle scholar: lookup
  21. Russell TM, Kearney C, Pollock PJ. Surgical treatment of septic jugular thrombophlebitis in nine horses.. Vet Surg 2010 Jul;39(5):627-30.
    pubmed: 20459491doi: 10.1111/j.1532-950x.2010.00683.xgoogle scholar: lookup
  22. Schoster A. Complications of intravenous catheterization in horses.. Schweiz Arch Tierheilkd 2017 Sep;159(9):477-485.
    pubmed: 28952957doi: 10.17236/sat00126google scholar: lookup
  23. Schwarzwald CC, Feige K, Wunderli-Allenspach H, Braun U. Comparison of pharmacokinetic variables for two low-molecular-weight heparins after subcutaneous administration of a single dose to horses.. Am J Vet Res 2002 Jun;63(6):868-73.
    pubmed: 12061534doi: 10.2460/ajvr.2002.63.868google scholar: lookup
  24. Spurlock SL, Spurlock GH, Parker G, Ward MV. Long-term jugular vein catheterization in horses.. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1990 Feb 1;196(3):425-30.
    pubmed: 2298671
  25. Wiemer P, Gruys E, van Hoeck B. A study of seven different types of grafts for jugular vein transplantation in the horse.. Res Vet Sci 2005 Dec;79(3):211-7.
    pubmed: 15893349doi: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2004.12.005google scholar: lookup

Citations

This article has been cited 1 times.
  1. Hussein HA, Ibrahim A. B-mode and color Doppler ultrasonography of normal external jugular vein in donkeys (Equus asinus). BMC Vet Res 2022 Sep 14;18(1):345.
    doi: 10.1186/s12917-022-03441-ypubmed: 36104788google scholar: lookup
Subscribe to our newsletter
Join 99,780 horse owners like you who receive our email updates on horse health and nutrition.