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Canadian journal of veterinary research = Revue canadienne de recherche veterinaire2020; 84(3); 198-204;

Use of serum amyloid A in serum and synovial fluid to detect eradication of infection in experimental septic arthritis in horses.

Abstract: While serum amyloid A (SAA) has been investigated as a potential marker for septic arthritis in horses, no study has reported on whether SAA can be used to detect eradication of joint infection. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate whether the eradication of joint infection in experimentally induced septic arthritis in horses can be detected using serum and synovial fluid SAA. A total of 17 horses were randomly assigned to 3 groups. A middle carpal joint of each horse was injected with saline (control group, = 3), lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (nonseptic synovitis group, = 6), or (septic arthritis group, = 8) on day 0. Starting on day 1, horses underwent treatment for septic arthritis. Sequential samples of serum and synovial fluid were collected, and quantification of SAA was carried out. Concentrations of serum and synovial fluid SAA were compared among groups and time points. A concurrent study was conducted and determined that infection was eradicated on day 4 in this experimental model of septic arthritis. Concentrations of serum and synovial fluid SAA rapidly increased after inoculation of and were highest on day 3 and day 4, respectively. Thereafter, both serum and synovial fluid SAA decreased with eradication of joint infection, although they remained significantly increased from baseline until day 9 and day 10, respectively. Serum and synovial fluid SAA did not increase in the control or nonseptic synovitis group. These findings suggest that serial measurements rather than a single measurement of SAA are required to determine eradication of infection from septic arthritis in horses. Bien que l’amyloïde sérique (SAA) fut étudiée comme marqueur potentiel pour l’arthrite septique chez les chevaux, aucune étude n’a rapporté si SAA peut être utilisée pour détecter l’élimination d’une infection articulaire. Ainsi, l’objectif de la présente étude était d’examiner si l’élimination d’une infection articulaire lors d’arthrite septique induite expérimentalement chez les chevaux peut être détectée en utilisant la SAA du sérum et du liquide synovial. Un total de 17 chevaux fut réparti de manière aléatoire en trois groupes. Une articulation carpienne médiale de chaque cheval fut injectée avec de la saline (groupe témoin, = 3), du lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (groupe synovite non-septique, = 6) ou (groupe arthrite septique, = 8) au jour 0. En débutant au jour 1, les chevaux furent soumis à un traitement pour arthrite septique. Des échantillons séquentiels de sérum et de liquide synovial furent prélevés et la quantification de SAA effectuée. Les concentrations de SAA dans le sérum et le liquide synovial furent comparées parmi les groupes et à différents temps. Une étude concomitante était menée et a déterminé que l’infection était éliminée au jour 4 dans ce modèle expérimental d’arthrite septique. Les concentrations de SAA dans le sérum et le liquide synovial ont rapidement augmenté après l’inoculation d’ et étaient maximales au jour 3 et au jour 4, respectivement. Par la suite, les concentrations de SAA du sérum et du liquide synovial ont diminué avec l’élimination de l’infection articulaire, bien qu’elles soient demeurées augmentées significativement par rapport au seuil de base jusqu’au jour 9 et jour 10, respectivement. Les concentrations de SAA du sérum et du liquide synovial n’ont pas augmenté dans les groupes témoin et synovite non-septique. Ces résultats suggèrent que des mesures en série plutôt qu’une mesure unique de SAA sont requises pour déterminer l’élimination de l’infection lors d’arthrite septique chez les chevaux.(Traduit par Docteur Serge Messier).
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Publication Date: 2020-08-18 PubMed ID: 32801454PubMed Central: PMC7301682
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  • Journal Article

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This study investigated if serum amyloid A (SAA) could be used to determine if joint infections have been fully eradicated in horses with experimentally-induced septic arthritis. The findings suggest that multiple measurements of SAA, rather than a single reading, are necessary to confirm the infection’s eradication.

Experiment Setup

  • A total of 17 horses were selected for the experiment and divided into three groups. They used a control group where the horse’s middle carpal joint – a joint in the limb – was injected with saline; a nonseptic synovitis group that was injected with lipopolysaccharide (LPS); and a septic arthritis group where the joint was injected with harmful bacteria.
  • The horses in the septic arthritis group went through treatments for septic arthritis starting from the first day after the joint infection was induced. Sequential samples, which means samples taken at various times throughout the experiment, were collected from both the serum, a component of blood, and the synovial fluid, the fluid in the joint.
  • These samples were analyzed to measure the concentration of SAA, a protein that increases in response to inflammation and infection.

Major Findings

  • The research found that injection of bacteria led to a rapid increase in SAA concentrations in both serum and synovial fluid. They discovered that infection in this experimental model of septic arthritis was eradicated on the fourth day, which was when the SAA levels in the serum and fluid peaked.
  • Following this peak, the levels of SAA decreased in line with the eradication of the joint infection. However, the SAA levels compared to the baseline remained significantly elevated until the ninth and tenth day in the serum and synovial fluid, respectively.
  • Importantly, there were no similar increases in serum and synovial fluid SAA in the control group or the nonseptic synovitis group. This indicates that the changes in SAA levels were specific to the infection and its eradication.

Conclusion

  • The research concluded that SAA could potentially be used as a biological marker to detect the eradication of joint infection in horses with septic arthritis. However, the study emphasizes the importance of taking multiple measurements of SAA over time, as opposed to relying on a single SAA reading, to accurately identify when the infection is eradicated.

Cite This Article

APA
Yoshimura S, Koziy RV, Dickinson R, Moshynskyy I, McKenzie JA, Simko E, Bracamonte JL. (2020). Use of serum amyloid A in serum and synovial fluid to detect eradication of infection in experimental septic arthritis in horses. Can J Vet Res, 84(3), 198-204.

Publication

Canadian journal of veterinary research = Revue canadienne de recherche veterinaire
ISSN: 1928-9022
NlmUniqueID: 8607793
Country: Canada
Language: English
Volume: 84
Issue: 3
Pages: 198-204

Researcher Affiliations

Yoshimura, Seiji
  • Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences (Yoshimura, McKenzie, Bracamonte) and Department of Veterinary Pathology (Koziy, Dickinson, Moshynskyy, Simko), Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B4.
Koziy, Roman V
  • Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences (Yoshimura, McKenzie, Bracamonte) and Department of Veterinary Pathology (Koziy, Dickinson, Moshynskyy, Simko), Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B4.
Dickinson, Ryan
  • Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences (Yoshimura, McKenzie, Bracamonte) and Department of Veterinary Pathology (Koziy, Dickinson, Moshynskyy, Simko), Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B4.
Moshynskyy, Igor
  • Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences (Yoshimura, McKenzie, Bracamonte) and Department of Veterinary Pathology (Koziy, Dickinson, Moshynskyy, Simko), Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B4.
McKenzie, Joscelyn A
  • Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences (Yoshimura, McKenzie, Bracamonte) and Department of Veterinary Pathology (Koziy, Dickinson, Moshynskyy, Simko), Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B4.
Simko, Elemir
  • Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences (Yoshimura, McKenzie, Bracamonte) and Department of Veterinary Pathology (Koziy, Dickinson, Moshynskyy, Simko), Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B4.
Bracamonte, José L
  • Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences (Yoshimura, McKenzie, Bracamonte) and Department of Veterinary Pathology (Koziy, Dickinson, Moshynskyy, Simko), Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B4.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Anti-Bacterial Agents / therapeutic use
  • Anti-Inflammatory Agents / administration & dosage
  • Anti-Inflammatory Agents / therapeutic use
  • Arthritis, Infectious / drug therapy
  • Arthritis, Infectious / microbiology
  • Arthritis, Infectious / veterinary
  • Biomarkers / blood
  • Escherichia coli
  • Escherichia coli Infections / blood
  • Escherichia coli Infections / microbiology
  • Escherichia coli Infections / veterinary
  • Female
  • Gentamicins / administration & dosage
  • Gentamicins / therapeutic use
  • Horse Diseases / blood
  • Horse Diseases / therapy
  • Horses
  • Lipopolysaccharides / toxicity
  • Male
  • Penicillin G / administration & dosage
  • Penicillin G / therapeutic use
  • Serum Amyloid A Protein / chemistry
  • Serum Amyloid A Protein / metabolism
  • Synovial Fluid / chemistry
  • Therapeutic Irrigation / veterinary

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Citations

This article has been cited 5 times.
  1. Thurston CC, Stefanovski D, MacKinnon MC, Chapman HS, Richardson DW, Levine DG. Serum amyloid A and fibrinogen as markers for early detection of surgical site infection associated with internal fixation in the horse. Front Vet Sci 2022;9:960865.
    doi: 10.3389/fvets.2022.960865pubmed: 36299628google scholar: lookup
  2. Koziy RV, Katselis GS, Yoshimura S, Simko E, Bracamonte JL. Temporal kinetics of serum amyloid A (SAA) concentration and identification of SAA isoforms in blood and synovial fluid of horses with experimentally induced septic arthritis, non-septic synovitis, and systemic inflammation. J Vet Diagn Invest 2025 Jan;37(1):42-54.
    doi: 10.1177/10406387241299873pubmed: 39688235google scholar: lookup
  3. Ali AA, Darwish WS. Acute phase proteins patterns as biomarkers in bacterial infection: Recent insights. Open Vet J 2024 Oct;14(10):2539-2550.
    doi: 10.5455/OVJ.2024.v14.i10.4pubmed: 39545194google scholar: lookup
  4. Koziy RV, Bracamonte JL, Katselis GS, Udenze D, Hayat S, Hammond SA, Simko E. Putative mRNA Biomarkers for the Eradication of Infection in an Equine Experimental Model of Septic Arthritis. Vet Sci 2024 Jul 2;11(7).
    doi: 10.3390/vetsci11070299pubmed: 39057983google scholar: lookup
  5. Birckhead EM, Das S, Tidd N, Raidal SL, Raidal SR. Visualizing neutrophil extracellular traps in septic equine synovial and peritoneal fluid samples using immunofluorescence microscopy. J Vet Diagn Invest 2023 Nov;35(6):751-760.
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