Vaccination of pregnant ponies against equine rhinopneumonitis.
Abstract: Bovine herpesvirus 1247 (one dose) was given subcutaneously to five pregnant pony mares between 227 and 319 days of their gestations. There were no adverse clinical reactions, and the virus was not recovered from nasal swabs collected during a 2-week period after vaccination. Four ponies foaled full-term, live, healthy foals. The foal of the fifth mare (No. 1) was found dead, but on the basis of the pathologic and virologic examinations, the virus was not considered to be the cause of the death. At 3 weeks after vaccination, the pregnant pony mares had a 13- to 250-fold increase in serum antibody titer to equine herpesvirus-1. A virulent-virus challenge exposure of all pony mares at 208 days after vaccination resulted in antibody titers greater than those just before this exposure. Virus was recovered from nasal swabs from vaccinated mares only on postexposure day 1, whereas the one control (nonvaccinated) pony shed virus for at least 3 days after challenge exposure. The immunogenic and the nonabortifacient characteristics of the herpesvirus 1247 in pregnant pony mares indicate that it may be useful to vaccinate horses against equine herpesvirus-1.
Publication Date: 1980-07-01 PubMed ID: 6254412
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- Comparative Study
- Journal Article
Summary
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The research studies the effectiveness and safety of bovine herpesvirus 1247 as a vaccine for equine rhinopneumonitis in pregnant ponies. It reveals that the vaccination significantly increased the ponies’ immunity to equine herpes virus-1 and showed no risk of causing abortion, thus suggesting its potential utility for protection against the virus in horses.
Implementation of the Study
- The research involved the vaccination of five ponies that were between 227 and 319 days pregnant. They received a single dose of bovine herpesvirus 1247 through subcutaneous injection.
- After the ponies were vaccinated, nasal swabs were collected for two weeks to isolate and identify any potential virus. However, none were recovered, which confirms that the virus did not cause any adverse clinical reactions in the ponies.
- Four out of the five pregnant ponies gave birth to healthy foals at full term. The fifth one’s foal was found dead, but further examinations confirmed that the virus wasn’t the cause of death.
Vaccine Efficacy and Safety
- Three weeks post vaccination, the serum antibody titer to equine herpes virus-1 in the pregnant pony mares was found to have increased by 13 to 250-fold. This suggests a significant enhancement in the ponies’ immune response to the virus.
- A virulent-virus challenge was given to all the vaccinated ponies 208 days post-vaccination. The challenge caused their antibody titers to rise even more, proving the sustained preventive effect of the vaccine.
- The nasal swabs of the vaccinated ponies post challenge revealed virus presence only on the first day, whereas a control pony that wasn’t vaccinated shed the virus for at least three days post challenge.
Conclusion
- Overall, the study indicates that bovine herpesvirus 1247 as a vaccine against equine rhinopneumonitis in pregnant ponies is safe and effective.
- Not only did it boost ponies’ immunity to equine herpes virus-1, but it also showed no adverse clinical effects nor did it cause abortion – a risk often associated with vaccination in pregnant animals.
- This finding suggests that the bovine herpesvirus 1247 vaccine may be a viable option for protecting horses against equine herpesvirus-1.
Cite This Article
APA
Crandell RA, Mock RE, Lock TF.
(1980).
Vaccination of pregnant ponies against equine rhinopneumonitis.
Am J Vet Res, 41(7), 994-996.
Publication
Researcher Affiliations
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Animals, Newborn / immunology
- Antibodies, Viral / analysis
- Female
- Herpesviridae / immunology
- Herpesviridae Infections / prevention & control
- Herpesviridae Infections / veterinary
- Herpesvirus 1, Equid / immunology
- Horse Diseases / prevention & control
- Horses / immunology
- Immunity, Maternally-Acquired
- Pregnancy
- Vaccination / veterinary
Citations
This article has been cited 5 times.- Kim SK, Shakya AK, O'Callaghan DJ. Interferon Gamma Inhibits Equine Herpesvirus 1 Replication in a Cell Line-Dependent Manner.. Pathogens 2021 Apr 16;10(4).
- Kim SK, Shakya AK, O'Callaghan DJ. Intranasal treatment with CpG-B oligodeoxynucleotides protects CBA mice from lethal equine herpesvirus 1 challenge by an innate immune response.. Antiviral Res 2019 Sep;169:104546.
- Kim SK, Shakya AK, O'Callaghan DJ. Immunization with Attenuated Equine Herpesvirus 1 Strain KyA Induces Innate Immune Responses That Protect Mice from Lethal Challenge.. J Virol 2016 Sep 15;90(18):8090-104.
- Smith PM, Zhang Y, Jennings SR, O'Callaghan DJ. Characterization of the cytolytic T-lymphocyte response to a candidate vaccine strain of equine herpesvirus 1 in CBA mice.. J Virol 1998 Jul;72(7):5366-72.
- Field HJ, Awan AR, de la Fuente R. Reinfection and reactivation of equine herpesvirus-1 in the mouse.. Arch Virol 1992;123(3-4):409-19.
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