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Home / Equine Research Bank / Vet Surg / Validation of a 2-mm videoendoscope for the evaluation of th...
Veterinary surgery : VS2019; 49 Suppl 1; O60-O70; doi: 10.1111/vsu.13269

Validation of a 2-mm videoendoscope for the evaluation of the paranasal sinuses with a minimally invasive technique.

Abstract: To describe the technique, experience, and limitations of using a 2-mm flexible endoscope to perform standing minimally invasive sinoscopy. Methods: In phases 1 and 2, we used cadaveric heads (ex vivo). In phase 3, we used unaffected horses (in vivo). Methods: Five cadaveric equine skulls in phase 1 and 10 cadaveric equine skulls in phase 2. Six horses older than 5 years in phase 3. Methods: In phase 1, the specimens were used to determine the suitability of the endoscope for sinoscopy and the ideal landmarks to approach the paranasal sinuses through minisinusotomies performed with a 14 gauge needle. In phase 2, a nonblinded evaluation of the visualization of the different sinus compartments was performed, and a score was attributed to each structure. Procedures were video recorded and compared with direct visualization of the sinuses after performing frontal and maxillary flaps. In phase 3, the technique was validated in healthy horses under sedation. Results: The landmarks determined in phase 1 allowed a thorough exploration of the sinuses in phases 2 and 3. Sinoscopy findings were confirmed after direct visualization of the sinuses via frontal and maxillary bone flaps in phase 2. The procedure was well tolerated by all horses. Conclusions: Minimally invasive sinoscopy was readily performed without relevant complications in standing horses. A thorough evaluation of most sinus structures was obtained only using the frontal and the rostral maxillary portals. Conclusions: Minimally invasive sinoscopy offers an alternative diagnostic tool to veterinarians. A specialized endoscope and appropriate training are required to perform this minimally invasive procedure.
© 2019 The American College of Veterinary Surgeons.
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Publication Date: 2019-06-22 PubMed ID: 31228274DOI: 10.1111/vsu.13269Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article
  • Validation Study

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research article details the utility, effectiveness and limitations of a 2-mm flexible endoscope for performing minimally invasive sinoscopy on horses, first using equine cadaveric heads, and then on healthy horses.

Research Methodology

  • The research was divided into three key phases, featuring both ex vivo (cadaveric heads) and in vivo (live horses) experiments.
  • Phase 1 utilized five cadaveric equine skulls in order to evaluate the suitability of the 2-mm flexible endoscope for sinoscopy, and to establish the best anatomical landmarks for approaching the paranasal sinuses through minisinusotomies, which were performed using a 14-gauge needle.
  • Phase 2 heightened the sample size to ten cadaveric equine skulls. The researchers noted and scored the visibility of different sinus compartments. All procedures were video-recorded and then compared to direct views of the sinuses after implementing frontal and maxillary flaps.
  • Phase 3 of the research involved performing the technique on six healthy horses, aged over 5 years, under sedation. The technique was tested in-vivo to complete the validation.

Research Findings

  • The per-established landmarks from phase 1 enabled a comprehensive exploration of the sinuses in the research phases 2 and 3.
  • The results from sinoscopic explorations were later verified through direct visualization of the sinuses using frontal and maxillary bone flaps in phase 2.
  • All procedures were well managed by the live horses without any significant complications.
  • An in-depth evaluation of most sinus structures could only be achieved via the frontal and rostral maxillary portals.

Research Conclusions

  • The minimally invasive sinoscopy procedure was feasibly carried out on standing horses with minimal complications. This diagnostic method offers an alternative for veterinarians treating nasal and sinus complaints in equine patients.
  • Performing this minimally invasive procedure requires access to a specialized endoscope and appropriate practical training for the practitioner.

Cite This Article

APA
Pouyet M, G Bonilla A. (2019). Validation of a 2-mm videoendoscope for the evaluation of the paranasal sinuses with a minimally invasive technique. Vet Surg, 49 Suppl 1, O60-O70. https://doi.org/10.1111/vsu.13269

Publication

Veterinary surgery : VS
ISSN: 1532-950X
NlmUniqueID: 8113214
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 49 Suppl 1
Pages: O60-O70

Researcher Affiliations

Pouyet, Morgane
  • Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada.
G Bonilla, Alvaro
  • Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Cadaver
  • Endoscopes / veterinary
  • Horses / surgery
  • Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures / methods
  • Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures / veterinary
  • Paranasal Sinuses / surgery
  • Reproducibility of Results
  • Video-Assisted Surgery / instrumentation
  • Video-Assisted Surgery / methods
  • Video-Assisted Surgery / veterinary

Grant Funding

  • Equine Health Funds
  • Centenary Funds of the College of Veterinary Medicine of the University of Montreal
  • Zoetis
  • BioVision

References

This article includes 15 references
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Citations

This article has been cited 2 times.
  1. Jehle MC, Biermann NM, Haltmayer E. Trephination versus Minimally Invasive Transnasal Approaches for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Sinus Disease in Horses. Vet Sci 2022 Jul 1;9(7).
    doi: 10.3390/vetsci9070334pubmed: 35878351google scholar: lookup
  2. Carmalt JL, Pimentel KL. The Equine Temporomandibular Joint: Comparisons Between Standard and Needle Arthroscopic Examination of Cadaver Specimens and Standing Horses. Front Vet Sci 2022;9:876041.
    doi: 10.3389/fvets.2022.876041pubmed: 35558885google scholar: lookup
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