FREE SHIPPING over $40
OVER 9000 FIVE-STAR REVIEWS
5% OFF ALL SUBSCRIPTIONS
100% HAPPINESS GUARANTEE
Analyze Diet
0
Home / Equine Research Bank / J Vet Intern Med / Validation of a Point-of-Care Quantitative Equine IgG Turbid...
Journal of veterinary internal medicine2017; 31(4); 1170-1177; doi: 10.1111/jvim.14770

Validation of a Point-of-Care Quantitative Equine IgG Turbidimetric Immunoassay and Comparison of IgG Concentrations Measured with Radial Immunodiffusion and a Point-of-Care IgG ELISA.

Abstract: Point-of-care (POC) diagnostic tests with good sensitivity and specificity are needed for diagnosing failure of transfer of passive immunity (FTPI) in foals. Turbidimetric immunoassays (TIA) have these characteristics and provide quantitative results. A commercially available TIA-based POC test (POC-TIA) has not been validated in horses. Objective: To validate a POC-TIA and compare results of POC-TIA, a POC-ELISA, and radial immunodiffusion (RID). Methods: Heparinized blood samples (n = 127) from 48 hospitalized foals (<12 hour to 48 days). Methods: Prospective validation study. IgG concentrations were measured using RID (gold standard), POC-TIA, and POC-ELISA. Agreement between assays was assessed using Bland-Altman analysis. Sensitivity and specificity were calculated using ROC curves. Inter- and intra-assay coefficients of variation (CVs) and linearity were evaluated for POC-TIA. Results: The mean bias (95% limits of agreement) between RID and POC-TIA was -4 (-185 to 176), 27 (-201 to 255), and 308 (-377 to 993) mg/dL for samples with IgG concentrations of <400, 400-800, and >800 mg/dL, respectively. Sensitivity and specificity at optimal cutoff were 94 and 100% for the POC-TIA and 94 and 100% for the POC-ELISA to detect IgG <400 mg/dL, and 85 and 87% (POC-TIA) and 69 and 79% (POC-ELISA) to detect IgG ≤800 mg/dL. Intra- and interassay CVs for POC-TIA ranged between 1.6-3.8 and 11.9-18.8%, respectively. Linearity of the dilution series was preserved (R > 0.96). Conclusions: The POC-TIA provided unambiguous results and had sufficient sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and precision to be used as an alternative to other POC tests to assess FTPI in foals.
Copyright © 2017 The Authors. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of the American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine.
Get Full Text
Publication Date: 2017-05-31 PubMed ID: 28561898PubMed Central: PMC5508326DOI: 10.1111/jvim.14770Google Scholar: Lookup
The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
LinkedInCopy
  • Comparative Study
  • Journal Article

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research article is about validating a point-of-care (POC) testing tool for diagnosing failure of transfer of passive immunity (FTPI) in foals and comparing it with two other testing methods.

Understanding the research objective

  • This research was conducted to validate a commercially available Point-of-Care Turbidimetric Immunoassay (POC-TIA) and compare its results with a POC Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (POC-ELISA) and Radial Immunodiffusion (RID) in diagnosing Failure of Transfer of Passive Immunity (FTPI) in foals.

Methods employed in the research

  • The researchers used 127 heparinized blood samples from 48 hospitalized foals that were less than 48 days old in a prospective validation study.
  • Immunoglobulin G (IgG) concentrations were measured using the RID method, which is considered the gold standard, along with POC-TIA and POC-ELISA.
  • The agreement between assays was assessed using Bland-Altman analysis, and sensitivity and specificity were calculated using Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves. The intra- and inter-assay coefficients of variation (CVs) and linearity were evaluated for POC-TIA.

Results of the research

  • The research found minor deviations in IgG concentrations when comparing the RID and POC-TIA methods. The mean bias between RID and POC-TIA with 95% limits of agreement was minor for samples with IgG concentrations of less than 400 mg/dL, between 400-800 mg/dL, and greater than 800 mg/dL.
  • The POC-TIA and POC-ELISA showed high sensitivity (94%) and specificity (100%) at the optimal cutoff for detecting IgG levels less than 400 mg/dL. However, for detecting IgG levels less than or equal to 800 mg/dL, sensitivity and specificity were slightly lower for both POC-TIA and POC-ELISA.
  • The intra- and interassay coefficients of variation for POC-TIA ranged between 1.6-3.8% and 11.9-18.8%, respectively, indicating relatively high precision.
  • Linearity of the dilution series was preserved with a correlation coefficient (R) greater than 0.96, suggesting a good correlation between dilution factor and measured concentration.

Conclusions drawn from the research

  • The POC-TIA test provided clear results and displayed sufficient sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and precision. Thus, it could be used as an alternative to other POC tests in assessing FTPI in foals.

Cite This Article

APA
Ujvari S, Schwarzwald CC, Fouché N, Howard J, Schoster A. (2017). Validation of a Point-of-Care Quantitative Equine IgG Turbidimetric Immunoassay and Comparison of IgG Concentrations Measured with Radial Immunodiffusion and a Point-of-Care IgG ELISA. J Vet Intern Med, 31(4), 1170-1177. https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.14770

Publication

Journal of veterinary internal medicine
ISSN: 1939-1676
NlmUniqueID: 8708660
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 31
Issue: 4
Pages: 1170-1177

Researcher Affiliations

Ujvari, S
  • Equine Department, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
Schwarzwald, C C
  • Equine Department, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
Fouché, N
  • the Swiss Institute of Equine Medicine, ISME, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern and Agroscope, Bern, Switzerland.
Howard, J
  • Clinical Diagnostic Laboratory, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
Schoster, A
  • Equine Department, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / methods
  • Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / veterinary
  • Female
  • Horses / blood
  • Horses / immunology
  • Immunodiffusion / methods
  • Immunodiffusion / veterinary
  • Immunoglobulin G / blood
  • Immunoturbidimetry / methods
  • Immunoturbidimetry / veterinary
  • Male
  • Point-of-Care Systems
  • Sensitivity and Specificity

References

This article includes 22 references
  1. Koterba AM, Brewer BD, Tarplee FA. Clinical and clinicopathological characteristics of the septicaemic neonatal foal: review of 38 cases.. Equine Vet J 1984 Jul;16(4):376-82.
    pubmed: 6479139doi: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.1984.tb01950.xgoogle scholar: lookup
  2. Liepman RS, Dembek KA, Slovis NM, Reed SM, Toribio RE. Validation of IgG cut-off values and their association with survival in neonatal foals.. Equine Vet J 2015 Sep;47(5):526-30.
    pubmed: 25683641doi: 10.1111/evj.12428google scholar: lookup
  3. Fouché N, Graubner C, Howard J. Correlation between serum total globulins and gamma globulins and their use to diagnose failure of passive transfer in foals.. Vet J 2014 Nov;202(2):384-6.
    pubmed: 25201248doi: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2014.08.013google scholar: lookup
  4. Robinson JA, Allen GK, Green EM, Fales WH, Loch WE, Wilkerson CG. A prospective study of septicaemia in colostrum-deprived foals.. Equine Vet J 1993 May;25(3):214-9.
    pubmed: 8508750doi: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.1993.tb02946.xgoogle scholar: lookup
  5. Rumbaugh GE, Ardans AA, Ginno D, Trommershausen-Smith A. Measurement of neonatal equine immunoglobulins for assessment of colostral immunoglobulin transfer: comparison of single radial immunodiffusion with the zinc sulfate turbidity test, serum electrophoresis, refractometry for total serum protein, and the sodium sulfite precipitation test.. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1978 Feb 1;172(3):321-5.
    pubmed: 413817
  6. Davis R, Giguère S. Evaluation of five commercially available assays and measurement of serum total protein concentration via refractometry for the diagnosis of failure of passive transfer of immunity in foals.. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2005 Nov 15;227(10):1640-5.
    pubmed: 16313044doi: 10.2460/javma.2005.227.1640google scholar: lookup
  7. Clabough DL, Conboy HS, Roberts MC. Comparison of four screening techniques for the diagnosis of equine neonatal hypogammaglobulinemia.. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1989 Jun 15;194(12):1717-20.
    pubmed: 2502511
  8. Davis DG, Schaefer DM, Hinchcliff KW, Wellman ML, Willet VE, Fletcher JM. Measurement of serum IgG in foals by radial immunodiffusion and automated turbidimetric immunoassay.. J Vet Intern Med 2005 Jan-Feb;19(1):93-6.
    pubmed: 15715054doi: 10.1892/0891-6640(2005)19<93:mosiif>2.0.co;2google scholar: lookup
  9. Bauer JE, Brooks TP. Immunoturbidimetric quantification of serum immunoglobulin G concentration in foals.. Am J Vet Res 1990 Aug;51(8):1211-4.
    pubmed: 2117409
  10. Tscheschlok L, Venner M, Howard J. Comparison of IgG concentrations by radial immunodiffusion, electrophoretic gamma globulin concentrations and total globulins in neonatal foals.. Equine Vet J 2017 Mar;49(2):149-154.
    pubmed: 27037614doi: 10.1111/evj.12575google scholar: lookup
  11. Kent JE, Blackmore DJ. Measurement of IgG in equine blood by immunoturbidimetry and latex agglutination.. Equine Vet J 1985 Mar;17(2):125-9.
    pubmed: 2580703doi: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.1985.tb02065.xgoogle scholar: lookup
  12. Metzger N, Hinchcliff KW, Hardy J, Schwarzwald CC, Wittum T. Usefulness of a commercial equine IgG test and serum protein concentration as indicators of failure of transfer of passive immunity in hospitalized foals.. J Vet Intern Med 2006 Mar-Apr;20(2):382-7.
    pubmed: 16594598doi: 10.1892/0891-6640(2006)20[382:uoacei]2.0.co;2google scholar: lookup
  13. Hurcombe SD, Matthews AL, Scott VH, Williams JM, Kohn CW, Toribio RE. Serum protein concentrations as predictors of serum immunoglobulin G concentration in neonatal foals.. J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio) 2012 Oct;22(5):573-9.
    pubmed: 23110570doi: 10.1111/j.1476-4431.2012.00794.xgoogle scholar: lookup
  14. Wong DM, Giguère S, Wendel MA. Evaluation of a point-of-care portable analyzer for measurement of plasma immunoglobulin G, total protein, and albumin concentrations in ill neonatal foals.. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2013 Mar 15;242(6):812-9.
    pubmed: 23445294doi: 10.2460/javma.242.6.812google scholar: lookup
  15. Bossuyt PM, Reitsma JB, Bruns DE, Gatsonis CA, Glasziou PP, Irwig L, Lijmer JG, Moher D, Rennie D, de Vet HC, Kressel HY, Rifai N, Golub RM, Altman DG, Hooft L, Korevaar DA, Cohen JF. STARD 2015: an updated list of essential items for reporting diagnostic accuracy studies.. BMJ 2015 Oct 28;351:h5527.
    pmc: PMC4623764pubmed: 26511519doi: 10.1136/bmj.h5527google scholar: lookup
  16. Valentin MA, Ma S, Zhao A, Legay F, Avrameas A. Validation of immunoassay for protein biomarkers: bioanalytical study plan implementation to support pre-clinical and clinical studies.. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2011 Jul 15;55(5):869-77.
    pubmed: 21530130doi: 10.1016/j.jpba.2011.03.033google scholar: lookup
  17. Chan DW. Technical Evaluation. In: Science E, ed. Immunoassay Automation: A Practical Guide. Saint Louis: Elsevier Science; 2012:31–44.
  18. Wild D. Immunoassay Development. In: Science E, ed. The Immunoassay Handbook: Theory and Applications of Ligand Binding, ELISA and Related Techniques, 4th ed Jordon Hill: Elsevier Science; 2013.
  19. Tate J, Ward G. Interferences in immunoassay.. Clin Biochem Rev 2004 May;25(2):105-20.
    pmc: PMC1904417pubmed: 18458713
  20. Wilkins PA, Dewan-Mix S. Efficacy of intravenous plasma to transfer passive immunity in clinically healthy and clinically ill equine neonates with failure of passive transfer.. Cornell Vet 1994 Jan;84(1):7-14.
    pubmed: 8313712
  21. McCue PM. Evaluation of a turbidimetric immunoassay for measurement of plasma IgG concentration in foals.. Am J Vet Res 2007 Sep;68(9):1005-9.
    pubmed: 17764416doi: 10.2460/ajvr.68.9.1005google scholar: lookup
  22. Liu IK, Brown C, Myers RC, Hao YL. Evaluation of intravenous administration of concentrated immunoglobulin G to colostrum-deprived foals.. Am J Vet Res 1991 May;52(5):709-12.
    pubmed: 1854093

Citations

This article has been cited 6 times.
  1. Breuer RM, Wiley C, Dohlman T, Smith JS, McKeen L, Kreuder AJ. Comparison of turbidometric immunoassay and brix refractometry to radial immunodiffusion for assessment of colostral immunoglobulin concentration in beef cattle.. J Vet Intern Med 2023 Sep-Oct;37(5):1934-1943.
    doi: 10.1111/jvim.16833pubmed: 37596893google scholar: lookup
  2. Kreuder AJ, Breuer RM, Wiley C, Dohlman T, Smith JS, McKeen L. Comparison of turbidometric immunoassay, refractometry, and gamma-glutamyl transferase to radial immunodiffusion for assessment of transfer of passive immunity in high-risk beef calves.. J Vet Intern Med 2023 Sep-Oct;37(5):1923-1933.
    doi: 10.1111/jvim.16831pubmed: 37549250google scholar: lookup
  3. Smith BI, Cady SV, Aceto HW. Effect of formic acid treatment on colostrum quality, and on absorption and function of immunoglobulins: a randomized controlled trial in Holstein dairy calves.. BMC Vet Res 2022 Aug 17;18(1):318.
    doi: 10.1186/s12917-022-03418-xpubmed: 35978339google scholar: lookup
  4. Rampacci E, Mazzola K, Beccati F, Passamonti F. Diagnostic characteristics of refractometry cut-off points for the estimation of immunoglobulin G concentration in mare colostrum.. Equine Vet J 2023 Jan;55(1):102-110.
    doi: 10.1111/evj.13568pubmed: 35213056google scholar: lookup
  5. Turini L, Bonelli F, Nocera I, Meucci V, Conte G, Sgorbini M. Evaluation of Different Methods to Estimate the Transfer of Immunity in Donkey Foals Fed with Colostrum of Good IgG Quality: A Preliminary Study.. Animals (Basel) 2021 Feb 15;11(2).
    doi: 10.3390/ani11020507pubmed: 33672086google scholar: lookup
  6. Niimi K, Morishita H, Usui M, Ito R, Kurata S, Mataga N, Takahashi E. Measurement of the α1-proteinase inhibitor (α1-antitrypsin) of common marmoset and intestinal protein loss in wasting syndrome.. Biosci Rep 2019 Jul 31;39(7).
    doi: 10.1042/BSR20190562pubmed: 31243120google scholar: lookup
Subscribe to our newsletter
Join 99,344 horse owners like you who receive our email updates on horse health and nutrition.