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Veterinary research communications2006; 31(2); 227-233; doi: 10.1007/s11259-006-3446-6

Vehicle effects on the in vitro penetration of testosterone through equine skin.

Abstract: The effects of three vehicles, phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), ethanol (50% in PBS w/w) and propylene glycol (50% in PBS w/w) on in vitro transdermal penetration of testosterone was investigated in the horse. Skin was harvested from the thorax of five Thoroughbred horses after euthanasia and stored at -20 degrees C until required. The skin was then defrosted and placed into Franz-type diffusion cells, which were maintained at approximately 32 degrees C by a water bath. Saturated solutions of testosterone, containing trace amounts of radiolabelled [14C]testosterone, in each vehicle were applied to the outer (stratum corneum) surface of each skin sample and aliquots of receptor fluid were collected at 0, 2, 4, 8, 16, 20, 22 and 24 h and analysed for testosterone by scintillation counting. The maximum flux (Jmax) of testosterone was significantly higher for all sites when testosterone was dissolved in a vehicle containing 50% ethanol or 50% propylene glycol, compared to PBS. In contrast, higher residues of testosterone were found remaining within the skin when PBS was used as a vehicle. This study shows that variability in clinical response to testosterone could be expected with formulation design.
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Publication Date: 2006-12-26 PubMed ID: 17191091DOI: 10.1007/s11259-006-3446-6Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article
  • Research Support
  • Non-U.S. Gov't

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research article investigates how three different substances (phosphate-buffered saline, ethanol, and propylene glycol) affect the penetration of testosterone into horse skin. The study found that ethanol and propylene glycol significantly increased testosterone penetration, while phosphate-buffered saline increased the amount of testosterone remaining in the skin.

Research Objective

  • The main goal of the study was to understand the effect of three different substances, namely phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), ethanol (50% in PBS w/w) and propylene glycol (50% in PBS w/w), on the in vitro (in a controlled lab environment) transdermal penetration of testosterone in horse skin.

Methodology

  • The researchers used skin harvested from the thorax of five Thoroughbred horses after euthanasia as subjects for the experiment.
  • The collected skin was stored at -20 degrees Celsius until required for the experiment.
  • The skin was then defrosted and placed into Franz-type diffusion cells that were maintained at approximately 32 degrees Celsius by a water bath.
  • Saturated solutions of testosterone, containing trace amounts of radiolabelled [14C]testosterone, in each vehicle were applied to the outer surface of each skin sample.
  • Aliquots of receptor fluid were collected at specific time intervals and analysed for the presence of testosterone by scintillation counting.

Results

  • The experiment found that the maximum flux (Jmax) of testosterone was significantly higher when it was dissolved in a vehicle containing 50% ethanol or 50% propylene glycol, as compared to PBS.
  • In contrast, when PBS was used as a vehicle, higher residues of testosterone were found within the horse skin.

Conclusion

  • The research concludes that the choice of substance in which testosterone is dissolved (the vehicle) has a significant impact on the penetration of the hormone into the skin.
  • This result suggests that different testosterone formulations could lead to variable clinical responses, which is useful information for medical professionals involved in designing hormone treatments for horses or possibly other mammals.

Cite This Article

APA
Mills PC. (2006). Vehicle effects on the in vitro penetration of testosterone through equine skin. Vet Res Commun, 31(2), 227-233. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11259-006-3446-6

Publication

Veterinary research communications
ISSN: 0165-7380
NlmUniqueID: 8100520
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 31
Issue: 2
Pages: 227-233

Researcher Affiliations

Mills, P C
  • School of Veterinary Science, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. p.mills@uq.edu.au

MeSH Terms

  • Administration, Cutaneous
  • Animals
  • Ethanol / pharmacology
  • Horses / metabolism
  • In Vitro Techniques
  • Pharmaceutical Vehicles / pharmacology
  • Propylene Glycol / pharmacology
  • Skin Absorption
  • Sodium Chloride / pharmacology
  • Testosterone / administration & dosage
  • Testosterone / pharmacokinetics

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This article includes 23 references
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Citations

This article has been cited 3 times.
  1. Dahlizar S, Futaki M, Okada A, Yatomi C, Todo H, Sugibayashi K. Combined Use of N-Palmitoyl-Glycine-Histidine Gel and Several Penetration Enhancers on the Skin Permeation and Concentration of Metronidazole. Pharmaceutics 2018 Sep 20;10(4).
    doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics10040163pubmed: 30241371google scholar: lookup
  2. Stahl J, Kietzmann M. The effects of chemical and physical penetration enhancers on the percutaneous permeation of lidocaine through equine skin. BMC Vet Res 2014 Jun 20;10:138.
    doi: 10.1186/1746-6148-10-138pubmed: 24950611google scholar: lookup
  3. Balmanno A, Falconer JR, Ravuri HG, Mills PC. Strategies to Improve the Transdermal Delivery of Poorly Water-Soluble Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs. Pharmaceutics 2024 May 16;16(5).
    doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16050675pubmed: 38794337google scholar: lookup
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