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Home / Equine Research Bank / Equine Vet J / Venous blood gas parameters, electrolytes, glucose and lacta...
Equine veterinary journal2020; 53(3); 488-494; doi: 10.1111/evj.13332

Venous blood gas parameters, electrolytes, glucose and lactate concentration in sick neonatal foals: Direct venipuncture versus push-pull technique.

Abstract: Blood collection by indwelling intravenous catheter (IVC) avoids repeated venipuncture, which could cause thrombophlebitis risk, anxiety and pain in patients. Objective: To compare blood gas parameters, electrolytes, glucose, lactate and haematocrit concentration obtained from venous blood samples collected via a jugular IVC by push-pull (PP) technique to those obtained by venipuncture in hospitalised foals, at the time of catheter placement (T0) and 24 hours after the beginning of intravenous therapy (T24). Methods: Prospective observational study. Methods: Paired blood samples were drawn from hospitalised foals at T0 and T24. In each foal, one venous blood sample was collected via IVC by the following PP technique: 2.4 mL of blood was aspirated and immediately reinfused through the catheter three times consecutively, then 1 mL of blood was collected using a 1 mL heparinised syringe. Thereafter, another sample was collected by direct venipuncture of the contralateral jugular vein, with an identical 1 mL heparinised syringe, with a 1-inch, 20-G needle. All samples were analysed with an automated blood gas analyser within 10 minutes of collection. The agreement between the two techniques was assessed by Bland-Altman analysis and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Results: The level of agreement of blood gas values obtained by the two different techniques was high with very small bias and clinically acceptable ICC (>0.907 at T0; >0.794 at T24) for all variables, except for haematocrit (bias -3.52 at T0; -2.44 at T24) and PvO at T0 and T24 (ICC 0.669 and 0.733, respectively). Conclusions: Potential sub-clinical catheter-related complications were not investigated by ultrasound or bacterial culture of the catheter; short duration of the study. Conclusions: PP technique appears to be acceptable for collection of blood samples for venous blood gas parameters, as well as electrolytes, glucose and lactate in sick neonatal foals.
© 2020 EVJ Ltd.
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Publication Date: 2020-09-03 PubMed ID: 32770680DOI: 10.1111/evj.13332Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article
  • Observational Study
  • Veterinary

Summary

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The research article presents a study comparing two methods of drawing blood from sick neonatal foals – the push-pull (PP) technique via an indwelling intravenous catheter (IVC) and direct venipuncture. The study aimed to assess if these techniques provided similar readings for blood gas parameters, electrolytes, glucose, lactate, and haematocrit concentration.

Methods

  • The study was conducted as a prospective observational investigation. Paired blood samples were taken from hospitalised foals at two different times – upon catheter placement (T0) and 24 hours after the start of intravenous therapy (T24).
  • For the push-pull technique, a total of 2.4mL of blood was drawn and then immediately re-infused three consecutive times before 1mL of blood was collected via a 1mL heparinised syringe.
  • The contralateral method involved direct venipuncture of the opposite jugular vein using a similarly heparinised syringe and a 1-inch, 20-G needle.
  • All samples were analysed within 10 minutes of collection using an automated blood gas analyser.
  • The researchers applied Bland-Altman analysis and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) to compare the results obtained through the two techniques.

Results

  • The comparison of the two techniques showed a high level of agreement for all variables (with clinically acceptable ICC values of over 0.907 at T0 and over 0.794 at T24) except for haematocrit, where bias was noted, and PvO both at T0 and T24 (ICC 0.669 and 0.733, respectively).

Conclusions

  • The study did not investigate potential sub-clinical catheter-related complications which may include issues identified via ultrasound or bacterial culture of the catheter. This could be a limitation of the study due to its short duration.
  • Despite the aforementioned limitation, the study concluded that the push-pull (PP) technique is an acceptable method for collecting blood samples for analysing venous blood gas parameters, electrolytes, glucose, and lactate in sick neonatal foals.

Cite This Article

APA
Del Prete C, Lanci A, Cocchia N, Freccero F, Di Maio C, Castagnetti C, Mariella J, Micieli F. (2020). Venous blood gas parameters, electrolytes, glucose and lactate concentration in sick neonatal foals: Direct venipuncture versus push-pull technique. Equine Vet J, 53(3), 488-494. https://doi.org/10.1111/evj.13332

Publication

Equine veterinary journal
ISSN: 2042-3306
NlmUniqueID: 0173320
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 53
Issue: 3
Pages: 488-494

Researcher Affiliations

Del Prete, Chiara
  • Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, Napoli, Italy.
Lanci, Aliai
  • Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia (BO), Italy.
Cocchia, Natascia
  • Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, Napoli, Italy.
Freccero, Francesca
  • Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia (BO), Italy.
Di Maio, Chiara
  • Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia (BO), Italy.
Castagnetti, Carolina
  • Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia (BO), Italy.
  • Health Science and Technologies Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research (HST-ICIR), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
Mariella, Jole
  • Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia (BO), Italy.
Micieli, Fabiana
  • Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, Napoli, Italy.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Blood Specimen Collection / veterinary
  • Electrolytes
  • Glucose
  • Horses
  • Infant, Newborn
  • Lactic Acid
  • Phlebotomy / veterinary

Grant Funding

  • RFF of the University of Naples Federico II

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