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Viruses2019; 11(10); 942; doi: 10.3390/v11100942

Viruses in Horses with Neurologic and Respiratory Diseases.

Abstract: Metagenomics was used to identify viral sequences in the plasma and CSF (cerobrospinal fluid) of 13 horses with unexplained neurological signs and in the plasma and respiratory swabs of 14 horses with unexplained respiratory signs. Equine hepacivirus and two copiparvoviruses (horse parvovirus-CSF and a novel parvovirus) were detected in plasma from neurological cases. Plasma from horses with respiratory signs contained the same two copiparvoviruses plus equine pegivirus D and respiratory swabs contained equine herpes virus 2 and 5. Based on genetic distances the novel copiparvovirus qualified as a member of a new parvovirus species we named . These samples plus another 41 plasma samples from healthy horses were tested by real-time PCRs for multiple equine parvoviruses and hepacivirus. Over half the samples tested were positive for one to three viruses with eqcopivirus DNA detected in 20.5%, equine hepacivirus RNA and equine parvovirus-H DNA in 16% each, and horse parvovirus-CSF DNA in 12% of horses. Comparing viral prevalence in plasma none of the now three genetically characterized equine parvoviruses (all in the copiparvovirus genus) was significantly associated with neurological and respiratory signs in this limited sampling.
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Publication Date: 2019-10-14 PubMed ID: 31614994PubMed Central: PMC6832430DOI: 10.3390/v11100942Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article
  • Research Support
  • Non-U.S. Gov't

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research examines and identifies various types of virus sequences found in horses exhibiting unexplained neurological and respiratory symptoms. This was achieved using metagenomics, a tool to explore the genetic material within a sample. The prevalent viruses uncovered include Equine Hepacivirus and two kinds of copiparvoviruses.

Methods and Identifications

  • The researchers utilized metagenomics to identify viral sequences typically present in horses exhibiting unknown neurological and respiratory symptoms.
  • From their research, various viruses were identified in the horses. These include the Equine Hepacivirus and two types of Copiparvoviruses found in the plasma of those displaying neurological signs.
  • To further explore the presence of these viruses in horses, another 41 plasma samples from healthy horses were tested through real-time PCRs. These tests mainly focused on multiple equine parvoviruses and the hepacivirus.

Key Findings

  • The researchers found over half of the samples tested positive for one to three viruses. Specifically, they discovered eqcopivirus DNA in 20.5% of horses, equine hepacivirus RNA and equine parvovirus-H DNA in 16% of horses each, and horse parvovirus-CSF DNA in 12% of horses.
  • Additionally, a novel copiparvovirus was also detected, which qualified as a member of a new parvovirus species due to its distinct genetic distances.
  • Moreover, horses with respiratory symptoms were found to contain the same two copiparvoviruses along with equine pegivirus D in their plasma. Their respiratory swabs contained equine herpes virus 2 and 5.

Conclusions and Implications

  • Comparison of viral prevalence in plasma failed to establish a significant association between the presence of these viruses and the neurological or respiratory symptoms exhibited.
  • The results suggest the need for further, broader studies to fully understand the pathogenic potential and prevalence of these identified viruses in equine populations. Only then can a clear correlation between viral prevalence and symptom manifestation be reliably established.

Cite This Article

APA
Altan E, Li Y, Sabino-Santos G, Sawaswong V, Barnum S, Pusterla N, Deng X, Delwart E. (2019). Viruses in Horses with Neurologic and Respiratory Diseases. Viruses, 11(10), 942. https://doi.org/10.3390/v11100942

Publication

Viruses
ISSN: 1999-4915
NlmUniqueID: 101509722
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 11
Issue: 10
PII: 942

Researcher Affiliations

Altan, Eda
  • Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA. EAltan@vitalant.org.
  • Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA. EAltan@vitalant.org.
Li, Yanpeng
  • Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA. YLi@vitalant.org.
  • Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA. YLi@vitalant.org.
Sabino-Santos, Gilberto
  • Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA. GSabino-SantosJr@vitalant.org.
  • Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA. GSabino-SantosJr@vitalant.org.
Sawaswong, Vorthon
  • Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA. vorthon007.giftedcru@gmail.com.
  • Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA. vorthon007.giftedcru@gmail.com.
Barnum, Samantha
  • Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA. smmapes@ucdavis.edu.
Pusterla, Nicola
  • Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA. npusterla@ucdavis.edu.
Deng, Xutao
  • Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA. XDeng@vitalant.org.
  • Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA. XDeng@vitalant.org.
Delwart, Eric
  • Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA. EDelwart@vitalant.org.
  • Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA. EDelwart@vitalant.org.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Hepacivirus / genetics
  • Horse Diseases / blood
  • Horse Diseases / cerebrospinal fluid
  • Horse Diseases / virology
  • Horses / virology
  • Metagenomics
  • Nervous System Diseases / cerebrospinal fluid
  • Nervous System Diseases / veterinary
  • Nervous System Diseases / virology
  • Parvovirinae / genetics
  • Phylogeny
  • RNA, Viral / isolation & purification
  • Respiratory Tract Infections / blood
  • Respiratory Tract Infections / veterinary
  • Respiratory Tract Infections / virology
  • Virus Diseases / veterinary
  • Viruses / classification
  • Viruses / isolation & purification

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

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Citations

This article has been cited 30 times.
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