Visual expertise for horses in a case of congenital prosopagnosia.
Abstract: A major question in the domain of face perception is whether faces comprise a distinct visual category that is processed by specialized mechanisms, or whether face processing merely represents an extreme case of visual expertise. Here, we examined O.H, a 22 years old woman with congenital prosopagnosia (CP), who despite her severe deficits in face processing, acquired superior recognition skills for horses. To compare the nature of face and horse processing, we utilised the inversion manipulation, known to disproportionally affect faces compared to other objects, with both faces and horses. O.H's performance was compared to data obtained from two control groups that were either horse experts, or non-experts. As expected, both control groups exhibited the face inversion effect, while O.H did not show the effect, but importantly, none of the participants showed an inversion effect for horses. Finally, gaze behaviour toward upright and inverted faces and horses was indicative of visual skill but in a distinct fashion for each category. Particularly, both control groups showed different gaze patterns for upright compared to inverted faces, while O.H presented a similar gaze pattern for the two orientations that differed from that of the two control groups. In contrast, O.H and the horse experts exhibited a similar gaze pattern for upright and inverted horses, while non-experts showed different gaze patterns for different orientations. Taken together, these results suggest that visual expertise can be acquired independently from the mechanisms mediating face recognition.
Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Publication Date: 2015-07-29 PubMed ID: 26231978DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2015.07.028Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary
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The research article investigates whether a woman with a condition damaging her ability to recognize faces can develop visual expertise in recognizing other objects, in this case, horses. The research findings indicate that this woman, despite her impairment in recognizing human faces, has gained advanced skills in recognizing horses, suggesting that visual object recognition can function separately from facial recognition.
Study Participant and Methodology
- The study revolves around a unique case of a 22-year-old woman, identified as O.H., who has congenital prosopagnosia (CP), a condition that disrupts her ability to recognize faces.
- To evaluate her visual expertise, researchers chose to observe her recognition skills for horses alongside her face recognition skills.
- A control group was set up, divided into non-experts and horse experts.
- To compare face and horse recognition skills, they used the inversion manipulation tactic in which the faces and horses’ images were inverted. This method has historically been known to affect face recognition more than object recognition.
Findings of the Study
- As anticipated, the two control groups exhibited the face inversion effect, meaning they had a difficult time recognizing faces when upside down.
- Surprisingly, OH did not show this face inversion effect, suggesting that her face recognition skills were unconnected to general object recognition.
- None of the participants show an inversion effect on the horse images, meaning they were still able to recognize the horses even when images were turned upside down.
Gaze Behaviour
- Study participants’ gaze behavior towards upright and inverted faces and horses was also evaluated.
- The control groups showed varying gaze patterns towards upright versus inverted faces.
- In contrast, OH had a similar gaze pattern for both upright and inverted faces, different from the control groups.
- OH and the horse experts shared a similar gaze pattern for upright and inverted horses, displaying their expertise. Non-experts had varying gaze patterns depending on the horse image orientation.
Conclusion
- The results indicate that visual expertise about certain objects can be attained separately from the mechanisms involved with facial recognition, as evidenced by this prosopagnosic woman’s uniquely high ability to recognize horses.
Cite This Article
APA
Weiss N, Mardo E, Avidan G.
(2015).
Visual expertise for horses in a case of congenital prosopagnosia.
Neuropsychologia, 83, 63-75.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2015.07.028 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Department of Psychology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, POB 653, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel.
- Department of Psychology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, POB 653, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel.
- Department of Psychology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, POB 653, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel. Electronic address: galiaa@bgu.ac.il.
MeSH Terms
- Adult
- Animals
- Face
- Female
- Horses
- Humans
- Memory, Long-Term
- Pattern Recognition, Visual / physiology
- Professional Competence
- Prosopagnosia / congenital
- Prosopagnosia / physiopathology
- Recognition, Psychology / physiology
- Surveys and Questionnaires
- Young Adult
Citations
This article has been cited 1 times.- Yovel G, Grosbard I, Abudarham N. Deep learning models challenge the prevailing assumption that face-like effects for objects of expertise support domain-general mechanisms. Proc Biol Sci 2023 May 10;290(1998):20230093.
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