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Molecular and cellular probes2016; 31; 28-36; doi: 10.1016/j.mcp.2016.10.011

West Nile virus ‘circulation’ in Vojvodina, Serbia: Mosquito, bird, horse and human surveillance.

Abstract: Efforts to detect West Nile virus (WNV) in the Vojvodina province, northern Serbia, commenced with human and mosquito surveillance in 2005, followed by horse (2009) and wild bird (2012) surveillance. The knowledge obtained regarding WNV circulation, combined with the need for timely detection of virus activity and risk assessment resulted in the implementation of a national surveillance programme integrating mosquito, horse and bird surveillance in 2014. From 2013, the system showed highly satisfactory results in terms of area specificity (the capacity to indicate the spatial distribution of the risk for human cases of West Nile neuroinvasive disease - WNND) and sensitivity to detect virus circulation even at the enzootic level. A small number (n = 50) of Culex pipiens (pipiens and molestus biotypes, and their hybrids) females analysed per trap/night, combined with a high number of specimens in the sample, provided variable results in the early detection capacity at different administrative levels (NUTS2 versus NUTS3). The clustering of infected mosquitoes, horses, birds and human cases of WNND in 2014-2015 was highly significant, following the south-west to north-east direction in Vojvodina (NUTS2 administrative level). Human WNND cases grouped closest with infected mosquitoes in 2014, and with wild birds/mosquitoes in 2015. In 2014, sentinel horses showed better spatial correspondence with human WNND cases than sentinel chickens. Strong correlations were observed between the vector index values and the incidence of human WNND cases recorded at the NUTS2 and NUTS3 levels. From 2010, West Nile virus was detected in mosquitoes sampled at 43 different trap stations across Vojvodina. At 14 stations (32.56%), WNV was detected in two different (consecutive or alternate) years, at 2 stations in 3 different years, and in 1 station during 5 different years. Based on these results, integrated surveillance will be progressively improved to allow evidence-based adoption of preventive public health and mosquito control measures.
Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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Publication Date: 2016-10-21 PubMed ID: 27777104DOI: 10.1016/j.mcp.2016.10.011Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research article discusses a surveillance program designed to detect and monitor the circulation of the West Nile virus (WNV) in Serbia through mosquito, horse, bird, and human surveillance, providing insights to inform public health and mosquito control measures.

Surveillance Efforts for West Nile Virus (WNV)

  • The study begins by talking about the attempts to detect and monitor the presence and spread of WNV in the Vojvodina province of Serbia.
  • Testing commenced with humans and mosquitoes in 2005, followed by horses in 2009 and wild birds in 2012.
  • The findings from these initial phases of surveillance led to the formation of a coordinated national surveillance program in 2014, which combined the monitoring of mosquitoes, horses, and birds.

Success of the Surveillance System

  • The surveillance system implemented from 2013 onward demonstrated success in identifying specific regions presenting a risk for human contraction of West Nile Neuroinvasive Disease (WNND).
  • The system was also sensitive enough to detect virus circulation at even the enzootic (within animal populations) level.
  • The effectiveness of the system varied between administrative levels (NUTS2 vs NUTS3), with smaller samples providing variable results.

Relationship Between Affected Species and Human WNND Cases

  • The study noted a significant grouping or clustering of infected mosquitoes, horses, birds, and human WNND cases following a southwest to northeast direction in Vojvodina.
  • In 2014, human WNND cases were mostly grouped with infected mosquitoes, while in 2015, they were linked with wild birds or mosquitoes.
  • The sentinel horses appeared to be a more accurate predictor of the spatial distribution of WNND cases among humans than sentinel chickens were in 2014.
  • Strong correlations were found between vector index values (measure of WNV presence in mosquitoes) and recorded incidences of human WNND at both NUTS2 and NUTS3 administrative levels.

Findings and Implications for the Future

  • The WNV was detected in mosquito samples obtained from 43 different trapping stations across Vojvodina since 2010.
  • At 14 of these stations, WNV was detected in two different years; at two stations it was detected in three different years; and at one station, it was detected in five different years.
  • The data gathered from this research implies that this integrated surveillance approach will be improved progressively to guide the implementation of preventive public health and mosquito control measures based on evidence.

Cite This Article

APA
(2016). West Nile virus ‘circulation’ in Vojvodina, Serbia: Mosquito, bird, horse and human surveillance. Mol Cell Probes, 31, 28-36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mcp.2016.10.011

Publication

Molecular and cellular probes
ISSN: 1096-1194
NlmUniqueID: 8709751
Country: England
Language: English
Volume: 31
Pages: 28-36
PII: S0890-8508(16)30102-5

Researcher Affiliations

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Birds / virology
  • Culicidae / virology
  • Geography
  • Horses / virology
  • Humans
  • Population Surveillance
  • Seasons
  • Serbia
  • West Nile Fever / epidemiology
  • West Nile Fever / virology
  • West Nile virus / physiology

Citations

This article has been cited 14 times.
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