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Home / Equine Research Bank / Vet Res / West Nile virus infection of horses.
Veterinary research2004; 35(4); 467-483; doi: 10.1051/vetres:2004022

West Nile virus infection of horses.

Abstract: West Nile virus (WNV) is a flavivirus closely related to Japanese encephalitis and St. Louis encephalitis viruses that is primarily maintained in nature by transmission cycles between mosquitoes and birds. Occasionally, WNV infects and causes disease in other vertebrates, including humans and horses. West Nile virus has re-emerged as an important pathogen as several recent outbreaks of encephalomyelitis have been reported from different parts of Europe in addition to the large epidemic that has swept across North America. This review summarises the main features of WNV infection in the horse, with reference to complementary information from other species, highlighting the most recent scientific findings and identifying areas that require further research.
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Publication Date: 2004-07-09 PubMed ID: 15236677DOI: 10.1051/vetres:2004022Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research article discusses West Nile Virus (WNV) and its effects on horses, detailing the disease pattern, its relationship to other viruses, and recent outbreaks. The study also aims to identify areas of investigation that necessitate further research in order to mitigate the impacts of this disease on equine populations.

Understanding West Nile Virus

  • The study begins by explaining the nature of West Nile virus. It is a specific type of virus (flavivirus) that is closely associated with Japanese encephalitis and St. Louis encephalitis viruses. This similarity underscores the seriousness of WNV, as both of those mentioned viruses are known to cause severe disease in humans.
  • Furthermore, it explains that WNV is mainly driven by transmission cycles between birds and mosquitoes, a crucial detail for understanding how the virus is spread and perpetuated in nature.

West Nile Virus in Horses

  • While birds and mosquitoes are primary carriers, the virus also infects other animals, including humans and horses. The impact on horses is the primary focus of the study.
  • The study reveals that there have been several recent outbreaks of encephalomyelitis (inflammation of the brain and spinal cord) due to WNV infecting horses across Europe and North America.
  • These widespread outbreaks of WNV infection highlight the virus as an important pathogen, posing a significant threat to equine health. The review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the disease, how it affects horses, and how it can be managed or mitigated.

Dire Need for Further Research

  • Despite the valuable insights into the nature, effects, and spread of WNV provided in this study, the conclusion stresses the need for further research.
  • The urgency for additional study is especially high since the rates of WNV infection in horses have rapidly increased in recent years.
  • The researchers aim to inspire new exploration into understanding this disease better, leading to discoveries that could potentially lower the incidence of the virus in horse populations, and perhaps extend to benefit other species, including humans.

Cite This Article

APA
Castillo-Olivares J, Wood J. (2004). West Nile virus infection of horses. Vet Res, 35(4), 467-483. https://doi.org/10.1051/vetres:2004022

Publication

Veterinary research
ISSN: 0928-4249
NlmUniqueID: 9309551
Country: England
Language: English
Volume: 35
Issue: 4
Pages: 467-483

Researcher Affiliations

Castillo-Olivares, Javier
  • Centre for Preventive Medicine, Animal Health Trust, Newmarket, Suffolk CB8 7UU, United Kingdom. javier.castillo-olivares@aht.org.uk
Wood, James

    MeSH Terms

    • Animals
    • Birds
    • Culicidae
    • Europe / epidemiology
    • Horse Diseases / epidemiology
    • Horse Diseases / prevention & control
    • Horse Diseases / transmission
    • Horse Diseases / virology
    • Horses
    • Insect Vectors
    • North America / epidemiology
    • West Nile Fever / prevention & control
    • West Nile Fever / transmission
    • West Nile Fever / veterinary
    • West Nile virus / pathogenicity

    Citations

    This article has been cited 56 times.
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