[West-Nile-Virus infections in 12 horses in east-central Germany].
Abstract: The presenting complaints, clinical signs, diagnostic evaluation, therapy, and outcome of 12 horses with clinically apparent West-Nile-Virus (WNV) infection are described. Methods: Case series RESULTS: The adult horses (age 6-18 years, 7 mares, 5 geldings) from Saxony and Saxony-Anhalt were presented with various clinical histories between September 2018 and September 2020. All horses were presented in August or September and no horse was vaccinated against WNV. Fever as the most common general clinical sign was present in 8/12 horses. The most common neurological signs were muscle fasciculations (11/12 horses), ataxia (8/12 horses), hyperesthesia and head tilt (6/12 horses each). Diagnosis of WNV infection was confirmed by demonstrating IgM antibody and neutralizing antibody production in all horses; 2 euthanized horses also tested positive by PCR. Therapy was symptomatic and primarily included non-steroidal anti-inflammatories or dexamethasone as well as fluid therapy. Duration of hospitalization was 7.5 days on average. According to their owners, seven horses recovered completely, while information was missing for 2 horses. Conclusions: In eastern-central Germany, WNV-encephalomyelitis must be considered a differential diagnosis for unvaccinated horses with acute neurologic disease occurring in summer and late summer. The reported clinical signs and the outcome of therapy are mostly congruent with reports from North America and other European countries. Unassigned: Die Vorstellungsgründe, klinische Symptomatik, Diagnostik, Therapie und Ergebnis der Therapie von 12 Pferden mit klinisch apparenter West-Nil-Virus (WNV)-Infektion werden beschrieben. Methods: Fallserie ERGEBNISSE: Die adulten Pferde (Alter 6–18 Jahre, 7 Stuten, 5 Wallache) aus Sachsen oder Sachsen-Anhalt wurden zwischen September 2018 und September 2020 mit unterschiedlichen Vorberichten vorgestellt. Alle Pferde wurden im August oder September vorgestellt und keines der Pferde war gegen das WNV geimpft. Fieber war das häufigste Allgemeinsymptom und trat bei 8/12 Pferden auf. An neurologischen Symptomen traten Muskelfaszikulationen (11/12 Pferde), Ataxie (8/12 Pferde) sowie Hyperästhesie und Kopfschiefhaltung (je 6/12 Pferde) am häufigsten auf. Bei allen Pferden wurde die Infektion mittels Nachweises von IgM sowie neutralisierenden Antikörpern gegen das WNV diagnostiziert, zwei euthanasierte Pferde waren zudem PCR-positiv. Die symptomatische Therapie beinhaltete vor allem nicht-steroidale Antiphlogistika oder Dexamethason sowie Infusionstherapie. Die Dauer des Klinikaufenthaltes betrug im Durchschnitt 7,5 Tage. Sieben Pferde erholten sich laut Besitzerangaben vollständig, für 2 Pferde war keine Information erhältlich. Unassigned: Die WNV-Enzephalomyelitis muss in Mitteldeutschland seit 2018 als Differentialdiagnose von im Sommer und Spätsommer auftretenden akuten neurologischen Erkrankungen ungeimpfter Pferdes in Betracht gezogen werden. Die beschriebenen Symptome sowie das Ergebnis der Therapie sind weitgehend deckungsgleich mit Berichten aus Nordamerika und anderen europäischen Ländern.
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Publication Date: 2022-12-14 PubMed ID: 36516822DOI: 10.1055/a-1965-0307Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary
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The research investigated West-Nile-Virus (WNV) infections in 12 adult horses in East-Central Germany, detailing their symptoms, diagnosis, treatment and recovery outcomes. The research reveals that in East-Central Germany, WNV-encephalomyelitis should be a differential diagnosis for unvaccinated horses with acute neurologic disease during the summer and late summer.
Study Participants and Symptoms
- The study analyzed the cases of 12 adult horses from Saxony and Saxony-Anhalt, Germany, aged between 6 and 18 years. All horses had contracted WNV infection between 2018 and 2020, with none of them being vaccinated against WNV.
- The most common general symptom was fever, which was observed in 8 out of 12 horses. When it comes to neurological symptoms, muscle fasciculations (twitching) topped the list, affecting 11 out of the 12 horses. They were followed by ataxia (lack of muscle control) in 8 horses, and hyperesthesia (increased sensitivity) and head tilt in 6 horses.
Diagnosis and Treatment
- Diagnosis of WNV infection was confirmed by demonstrating the production of IgM antibody and neutralizing antibody in all horses. In addition, 2 horses which were euthanized also tested positive for WNV through Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR).
- The treatment primarily involved symptomatic therapy, primarily using non-steroidal anti-inflammatories or dexamethasone, along with fluid therapy.
- On average, the duration of hospitalization was 7.5 days.
Outcome and Conclusions
- Seven horses made a full recovery as per the information from their owners, while there was no information available for 2 horses.
- The research concludes that in East-Central Germany, WNV encephalomyelitis should be considered in the differential diagnosis for unvaccinated horses exhibiting acute neurological diseases in the summer and late summer periods.
- The clinical signs and therapeutic outcomes reported in this study align very closely with reports from North America and other European countries.
Cite This Article
APA
Lohmann KL, Sieg M, Landmann M, Ganzenberg S, Arnold C, Vahlenkamp T, Ulrich RG.
(2022).
[West-Nile-Virus infections in 12 horses in east-central Germany].
Tierarztl Prax Ausg G Grosstiere Nutztiere, 50(6), 362-376.
https://doi.org/10.1055/a-1965-0307 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Klinik für Pferde, Veterinärmedizinische Fakultät, Universität Leipzig.
- Institut für Virologie, Veterinärmedizinische Fakultät, Universität Leipzig.
- Institut für Veterinär-Pathologie, Veterinärmedizinische Fakultät, Universität Leipzig.
- Klinik für Pferde, Veterinärmedizinische Fakultät, Universität Leipzig.
- Klinik für Pferde, Veterinärmedizinische Fakultät, Universität Leipzig.
- Institut für Virologie, Veterinärmedizinische Fakultät, Universität Leipzig.
- Institut für Veterinär-Pathologie, Veterinärmedizinische Fakultät, Universität Leipzig.
MeSH Terms
- Horses
- Animals
- Male
- Female
- West Nile Fever / veterinary
- West Nile virus / physiology
- Horse Diseases / diagnosis
- Horse Diseases / therapy
- Antibodies, Viral
- Seasons
Conflict of Interest Statement
Bei den Autoren liegt kein Interessenkonflikt im Hinblick auf diese Arbeit vor.
Citations
This article has been cited 2 times.- Gothe LMR, Ganzenberg S, Ziegler U, Obiegala A, Lohmann KL, Sieg M, Vahlenkamp TW, Groschup MH, Hörügel U, Pfeffer M. Horses as Sentinels for the Circulation of Flaviviruses in Eastern-Central Germany. Viruses 2023 Apr 30;15(5).
- Schwarz ER, Long MT. Comparison of West Nile Virus Disease in Humans and Horses: Exploiting Similarities for Enhancing Syndromic Surveillance. Viruses 2023 May 24;15(6).
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