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Vaccine2006; 25(30); 5563-5576; doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2006.12.005

West Nile virus: recent trends in diagnosis and vaccine development.

Abstract: West Nile virus (WNV) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus, native to Africa, Europe, and Western Asia. In many respects, WNV is an outstanding example of a zoonotic pathogen that has leaped geographical barriers and can cause severe disease in human and horse. Before the emergence of WNV in the USA, only few methods of diagnosis were available. Recently, many changes in the fields of WN diagnosis and prevention have happened. This paper will review all these new tools. After a description of the main concerns in WNV and West Nile (WN) disease in humans and animals, this review will present the main available tests for serology and virology detection, from gold standard tests to more recently developed methods. Finally, licensed vaccines and candidate vaccines developed in humans, horses and birds will also been described.
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Publication Date: 2006-12-22 PubMed ID: 17292514DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2006.12.005Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research paper discusses the latest advancements in diagnosing West Nile virus and the development of vaccines to prevent it. The virus, which is often transmitted by mosquitoes and can cause severe disease in humans and animals, has seen considerable progress in terms of diagnostic methods and vaccine development.

Understand The West Nile Virus

  • West Nile virus (WNV) is described as a mosquito-borne flavivirus, originally found in regions such as Africa, Europe, and Western Asia. It is deemed as an excellent exemplar of zoonotic pathogens that have leapt over geographical barriers and have made both humans and horses prone to severe diseases.
  • In the course of the virus’s emergence in the United States, only a few diagnostic tools were available to detect it. However, there have been significant changes and improvements in the diagnosis and prevention of WNV.

Diagnosis Of West Nile Virus

  • The article provides a comprehensive a review of new diagnostic tools created to detect the presence of WNV. After presenting the main concerns and issues related to both WNV and the West Nile disease in humans and animals, the research paper moves on to outline the available tests for both the serology and virology detection of WNV.
  • The focus moves from the traditionally used ‘gold standard’ tests, to more recently developed methods which might provide more efficient and rapid diagnosis of WNV infections.

Vaccine development against West Nile Virus

  • In addition to the new diagnostic tools and testing methods, the research article also looks at the various vaccines licensed for use and those presently in development. It seems that there is a range of vaccines being developed for various affected species, including humans, horses, and birds.
  • This section delivers valuable insight into the progress and innovation being made in the fight against WNV and provides detailed descriptions of the vaccines that have already been developed and those that are still in the trial phase.

Cite This Article

APA
Dauphin G, Zientara S. (2006). West Nile virus: recent trends in diagnosis and vaccine development. Vaccine, 25(30), 5563-5576. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2006.12.005

Publication

Vaccine
ISSN: 0264-410X
NlmUniqueID: 8406899
Country: Netherlands
Language: English
Volume: 25
Issue: 30
Pages: 5563-5576

Researcher Affiliations

Dauphin, G
  • AFSSA Alfort, UMR1161 (INRA-AFSSA-ENVA), 23 av Général de Gaulle, 94703 Maisons-Alfort Cedex, France.
Zientara, S

    MeSH Terms

    • Animals
    • Birds
    • Horses
    • Humans
    • Serologic Tests
    • West Nile Fever / diagnosis
    • West Nile Fever / immunology
    • West Nile Fever / prevention & control
    • West Nile Virus Vaccines / immunology
    • West Nile virus / genetics
    • West Nile virus / isolation & purification

    Citations

    This article has been cited 63 times.
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