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Home / Equine Research Bank / Vet World / West Nile virus: The current situation in Egypt.
Veterinary world2023; 16(5); 1154-1160; doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2023.1154-1160

West Nile virus: The current situation in Egypt.

Abstract: Due to climatic changes, arthropod-borne viruses have become a global health concern. In Egypt, West Nile virus (WNV) was initially detected in humans in 1950 and then in 1951, 1954, 1968, and 1989. Although WNV infection has been recorded in numerous Middle Eastern countries, its prevalence among the equine population in Egypt is unknown. This study aimed to investigate the current situation of vector-borne WNV in Egypt, estimate its seroprevalence, and assess the associated risk factors. Unassigned: We screened 1100 sera samples and nasal swabs from the same equids, 156 mosquito pools, and 336 oropharyngeal and cloacal swabs from migratory birds for WNV. The sera were investigated for the presence of immunoglobulin G (IgG) and immunoglobulin M (IgM) against WNV-prE. Real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was used to detect WNV RNA in the nasal swab samples, mosquito pools, and migratory birds' oropharyngeal and cloacal swabs. Unassigned: The seroprevalence showed positive IgG in sera samples collected from different districts. The data showed that horses were 1.65-fold more susceptible than donkeys, with male being 1.45 times more susceptible than females. Moreover, the tested equids samples were divided into three groups based on their age: 10 years. The 5-10-year group was 1.1 and 1.61 times more vulnerable to infection than the 10 year groups. All the sera samples were negative for IgM. The nasal swabs from equids, oropharyngeal and cloacal swabs from migratory birds, and mosquito samples tested negative for WNV by molecular detection. Unassigned: Based on the obtained data, we recommend that effective control programs should be implemented to enable epidemiological investigations and understand the current situation of WNV in Egypt.
Copyright: © Hassanien, et al.
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Publication Date: 2023-05-30 PubMed ID: 37576775PubMed Central: PMC10420704DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2023.1154-1160Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research investigates the prevalence of West Nile Virus (WNV) in different animal populations in Egypt, and found that horses and male animals are more susceptible to the disease, and animals between the ages of 5 and 10 are the most vulnerable age group.

Objective of the Research

  • The study aims to understand the current situation of West Nile Virus (WNV) in Egypt, a health concern due to the changing climate. It examines the seroprevalence- the level of specific antibodies in the blood indicating past exposure or infection- of WNV in the equine population in Egypt which includes horses, donkeys, and mules.

Research Methodology

  • The researchers collected and tested 1100 sera samples and nasal swabs from the equine population, 156 mosquito pools, and 336 oropharyngeal and cloacal swabs from migratory birds.
  • The screening involved testing for the presence of immunoglobulin G (IgG) and immunoglobulin M (IgM) against WNV-prE- a precursor to the envelope protein E of the virus.
  • An additional method employed was Real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), which is used to detect WNV RNA in the samples, reinforcing or contesting the immunoglobulin findings.

Findings

  • Positive IgG was found in sera samples from different districts. This indicates a past WNV infection in the animals.
  • Based on the data, the researchers found that horses had a 1.65-fold higher susceptibility to WNV than donkeys, and male animals were 1.45 times more likely to contract the virus than females.
  • In terms of vulnerability, animals in the 5-10 age group were at higher risk for WNV infection compared to younger (10 years) animals.
  • None of the samples tested positive for IgM, which indicates there were no recent infections. Moreover, the nasal swabs, migratory bird swabs, and mosquito samples showed no traces of WNV when tested for the virus’s RNA.

Recommendations

  • The researchers recommend the implementation of control programs and further epidemiological investigations given the lack of current knowledge on the prevalence and impact of WNV in Egypt.

Cite This Article

APA
Hassanien RT, Hussein HA, Abdelmegeed HK, Abdelwahed DA, Khattab OM, Ali MH, Habashi AR, Ibraheem EM, Shahein MA, Abohatab EM. (2023). West Nile virus: The current situation in Egypt. Vet World, 16(5), 1154-1160. https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2023.1154-1160

Publication

Veterinary world
ISSN: 0972-8988
NlmUniqueID: 101504872
Country: India
Language: English
Volume: 16
Issue: 5
Pages: 1154-1160

Researcher Affiliations

Hassanien, Rabab T
  • Department of Virology, Animal Health Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, 12618, Giza, Egypt.
Hussein, Heba A
  • Department of Virology, Animal Health Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, 12618, Giza, Egypt.
Abdelmegeed, Hala K
  • Department of Virology, Animal Health Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, 12618, Giza, Egypt.
Abdelwahed, Dina A
  • Department of Virology, Animal Health Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, 12618, Giza, Egypt.
Khattab, Omnia M
  • Genome Unit, Animal Health Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, 12618, Giza, Egypt.
Ali, M H
  • Department of Virology, Animal Health Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, 12618, Giza, Egypt.
Habashi, Ahmed R
  • Department of Virology, Animal Health Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, 12618, Giza, Egypt.
  • Virus Strain Bank, Animal Health Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, 12618, Giza, Egypt.
Ibraheem, Essam M
  • Department of Pathology, Animal Health Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, 12618, Giza, Egypt.
Shahein, Momtaz A
  • Department of Virology, Animal Health Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, 12618, Giza, Egypt.
Abohatab, Eman M
  • Department of Virology, Animal Health Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, 12618, Giza, Egypt.

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

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