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Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin2016; 21(37); 30340; doi: 10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2016.21.37.30340

West Nile virus transmission: results from the integrated surveillance system in Italy, 2008 to 2015.

Abstract: In Italy a national Plan for the surveillance of imported and autochthonous human vector-borne diseases (chikungunya, dengue, Zika virus disease and West Nile virus (WNV) disease) that integrates human and veterinary (animals and vectors) surveillance, is issued and revised annually according with the observed epidemiological changes. Here we describe results of the WNV integrated veterinary and human surveillance systems in Italy from 2008 to 2015. A real time data exchange protocol is in place between the surveillance systems to rapidly identify occurrence of human and animal cases and to define and update the map of affected areas i.e. provinces during the vector activity period from June to October. WNV continues to cause severe illnesses in Italy during every transmission season, albeit cases are sporadic and the epidemiology varies by virus lineage and geographic area. The integration of surveillance activities and a multidisciplinary approach made it possible and have been fundamental in supporting implementation of and/or strengthening preventive measures aimed at reducing the risk of transmission of WNV trough blood, tissues and organ donation and to implementing further measures for vector control.
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Publication Date: 2016-09-30 PubMed ID: 27684046PubMed Central: PMC5032855DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2016.21.37.30340Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

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This research article explores the results of West Nile virus surveillance systems, both veterinary and human, in Italy from 2008 to 2015, providing a snapshot of the prevalence and transmission pattern of the virus.

Overview of the Surveillance Systems

  • The article discusses a national Plan for the surveillance of both imported and local human vector-borne diseases in Italy, including chikungunya, dengue, Zika virus, and West Nile virus (WNV). This plan is revised annually in order to keep up with observed epidemiological changes.
  • These surveillance systems, which include both human and veterinary (animals and vectors) surveillance, are integrated for efficiency and effectiveness. They employ a real-time data exchange protocol to rapidly identify instances of human and animal cases.

Results and Observations

  • From 2008 to 2015, collected data has revealed that WNV continues to cause severe illnesses in Italy each transmission season, occurring between June to October. However, cases are sporadic and vary in epidemiology based on virus lineage and geographic area.
  • The area affected by the virus is mapped and updated frequently during the vector activity period.

Significance of the Integrated Approach

  • The integration of animal and human surveillance activities and a multidisciplinary approach have proved to be crucial in implementing and supporting preventive measures to combat WNV.
  • These measures aim at reducing the risk of WNV transmission through blood, tissues, and organ donation and include further efforts for vector control.
  • Overall, this integrated approach is instrumental in dealing with the changing patterns of diseases, thus contributing to more effective prevention strategies.

Cite This Article

APA
Rizzo C, Napoli C, Venturi G, Pupella S, Lombardini L, Calistri P, Monaco F, Cagarelli R, Angelini P, Bellini R, Tamba M, Piatti A, Russo F, Palù G, Chiari M, Lavazza A, Bella A. (2016). West Nile virus transmission: results from the integrated surveillance system in Italy, 2008 to 2015. Euro Surveill, 21(37), 30340. https://doi.org/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2016.21.37.30340

Publication

Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin
ISSN: 1560-7917
NlmUniqueID: 100887452
Country: Sweden
Language: English
Volume: 21
Issue: 37
PII: 30340

Researcher Affiliations

Rizzo, Caterina
  • National Institute of Health (Istituto Superiore di Sanità, ISS), Italy.
Napoli, Christian
    Venturi, Giulietta
      Pupella, Simonetta
        Lombardini, Letizia
          Calistri, Paolo
            Monaco, Federica
              Cagarelli, Roberto
                Angelini, Paola
                  Bellini, Romeo
                    Tamba, Marco
                      Piatti, Alessandra
                        Russo, Francesca
                          Palù, Giorgio
                            Chiari, Mario
                              Lavazza, Antonio
                                Bella, Antonino

                                  MeSH Terms

                                  • Animals
                                  • Disease Outbreaks
                                  • Horse Diseases / epidemiology
                                  • Horses
                                  • Humans
                                  • Incidence
                                  • Insect Vectors / virology
                                  • Italy / epidemiology
                                  • Population Surveillance / methods
                                  • Seasons
                                  • Sentinel Surveillance
                                  • West Nile Fever / epidemiology
                                  • West Nile Fever / transmission
                                  • West Nile Fever / veterinary
                                  • West Nile Fever / virology
                                  • West Nile virus / isolation & purification

                                  Conflict of Interest Statement

                                  Conflicts of Interest: None declared

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