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The Veterinary record2021; 188(10); e26; doi: 10.1002/vetr.26

What have we learned from 7 years of equine rhinitis B virus qPCR testing in nasal secretions from horses with respiratory signs.

Abstract: Equine rhinitis B virus (ERBV) has been given little attention by practitioners compared to other respiratory viruses, mainly because of the lack of diagnostic modalities and association with clinical disease. The objective of the study was to determine the frequency of detection of ERBV in nasal secretions from 6568 horses with acute onset of respiratory signs. ERBV-positive qPCR results from nasal secretions submitted to a molecular diagnostic laboratory from 2013 to 2019 were reviewed. A total of 333 ERBV qPCR-positive samples (5.1%) were detected with increasing yearly frequency since the introduction of the assay in 2013. In comparison, only three of 356 (0.8%) healthy horses tested qPCR-positive for ERBV. Median age for ERBV qPCR-positive horses was 3 years of age, and fever, coughing and nasal discharge were the most common signs reported. Further, co-infections with other respiratory pathogens were reported in 73 (21.9%) of ERBV qPCR-positive samples. ERBV is a commonly detected respiratory virus from nasal secretions of young horses presenting with fever, nasal discharge and coughing.
© 2021 British Veterinary Association.
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Publication Date: 2021-03-24 PubMed ID: 33759193DOI: 10.1002/vetr.26Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research article talks about a comprehensive 7-year study aimed at determining how frequently the Equine rhinitis B virus (ERBV) can be detected in horses showing acute respiratory symptoms. Researchers discovered that about 5.1% of samples, or 333 out of 6,568 horses, tested ERBV positive.

Research Methodology and Findings

  • The research was conducted over a period of seven years, from 2013 to 2019, and involved polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing on nasal secretions from 6,568 horses showing acute respiratory signs.
  • The study found 333 samples tested qPCR positive for ERBV which was about 5.1% of the total samples. This was a significant increase in the yearly frequency of detection of ERBV since the introduction of the diagnostic assay in 2013.
  • In contrast, only three out of 356 healthy horses, equating to around 0.8%, tested positive for ERBV. This demonstrated that ERBV is not common in healthy horses.
  • The researchers found that ERBV was more commonly detected in younger horses, with the median age for ERBV qPCR-positive horses being 3 years old. The most common signs associated with ERBV were fever, coughing, and nasal discharge.
  • The research also found that co-infections with other respiratory pathogens were present in 73 out of the 333 ERBV qPCR-positive samples, representing approximately 22% of ERBV positive cases. This suggests that horses with ERBV are more prone to experiencing co-infections with other respiratory diseases.

Significance and Context

  • The results of the study showcased that ERBV is quite common in young horses exhibiting fever, nasal discharge, and coughing. ERBV was previously overlooked due to the absence of diagnostic modalities for the virus and its uncertain association with clinical diseases in horses.
  • The findings will enable practitioners to better understand ERBV, provide early and accurate diagnosis, and administer more effective treatment plans for horses presenting with acute respiratory symptoms.
  • The research highlights the need for ongoing monitoring and diagnostic testing for ERBV in horses exhibiting respiratory signs, especially considering the noted increase in ERBV detection since the introduction of the diagnostic assay in 2013.

Cite This Article

APA
Bernardino P, James K, Barnum S, Corbin R, Wademan C, Pusterla N. (2021). What have we learned from 7 years of equine rhinitis B virus qPCR testing in nasal secretions from horses with respiratory signs. Vet Rec, 188(10), e26. https://doi.org/10.1002/vetr.26

Publication

The Veterinary record
ISSN: 2042-7670
NlmUniqueID: 0031164
Country: England
Language: English
Volume: 188
Issue: 10
Pages: e26

Researcher Affiliations

Bernardino, Pedro
  • Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, USA.
James, Kaitlyn
  • Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, USA.
Barnum, Samantha
  • Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, USA.
Corbin, Rachel
  • Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, USA.
Wademan, Cara
  • Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, USA.
Pusterla, Nicola
  • Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, USA.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Bodily Secretions / virology
  • Cough / veterinary
  • Erbovirus / isolation & purification
  • Female
  • Fever / veterinary
  • Horse Diseases / diagnosis
  • Horse Diseases / virology
  • Horses
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Nose / virology
  • Picornaviridae Infections / diagnosis
  • Picornaviridae Infections / veterinary
  • Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction / veterinary

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Citations

This article has been cited 5 times.
  1. Wilcox A, Barnum S, Wademan C, Corbin R, Escobar E, Hodzic E, Schumacher S, Pusterla N. Frequency of Detection of Respiratory Pathogens in Clinically Healthy Show Horses Following a Multi-County Outbreak of Equine Herpesvirus-1 Myeloencephalopathy in California. Pathogens 2022 Oct 8;11(10).
    doi: 10.3390/pathogens11101161pubmed: 36297218google scholar: lookup
  2. Pusterla N, James K, Barnum S, Bain F, Barnett DC, Chappell D, Gaughan E, Craig B, Schneider C, Vaala W. Frequency of Detection and Prevalence Factors Associated with Common Respiratory Pathogens in Equids with Acute Onset of Fever and/or Respiratory Signs (2008-2021). Pathogens 2022 Jul 2;11(7).
    doi: 10.3390/pathogens11070759pubmed: 35890002google scholar: lookup
  3. Stasiak K, Dunowska M, Rola J. Prevalence and Sequence Analysis of Equine Rhinitis Viruses among Horses in Poland. Viruses 2024 Jul 26;16(8).
    doi: 10.3390/v16081204pubmed: 39205178google scholar: lookup
  4. Schneider C, James K, Craig BW, Chappell DE, Vaala W, van Harreveld PD, Wright CA, Barnum S, Pusterla N. Characterization of Equine Rhinitis B Virus Infection in Clinically Ill Horses in the United States during the Period 2012-2023. Pathogens 2023 Nov 7;12(11).
    doi: 10.3390/pathogens12111324pubmed: 38003789google scholar: lookup
  5. Pusterla N, Kalscheur M, Peters D, Bidwell L, Holtz S, Barnum S, Lawton K, Morrissey M, Schumacher S. Investigation of the Frequency of Detection of Common Respiratory Pathogens in Nasal Secretions and Environment of Healthy Sport Horses Attending a Multi-Week Show Event during the Summer Months. Viruses 2023 May 24;15(6).
    doi: 10.3390/v15061225pubmed: 37376525google scholar: lookup
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