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Home / Equine Research Bank / Bull World Health Organ / WHO collaborative studies on enterovirus reference antisera....
Bulletin of the World Health Organization1970; 42(6); 847-863;

WHO collaborative studies on enterovirus reference antisera. Third report.

Abstract: This paper smmarizes the results of the third part of co-operative studies undertaken by the WHO International Reference Centre for Enteroviruses and a number of WHO Regional Virus Reference Centres and WHO Virus Collaborating Laboratories and other laboratories in a comprehensive testing programme of enterovirus equine antisera prepared for long-term use as reference antisera. The studies were designed to appraise the specificity of the immune serum of horses inoculated with prototype enteroviruses (coxsackie-viruses A1, A5, A6, A12 and A22 and echoviruses 5, 6, 13-16, 18-20, 22-26, 29 and 32). Tests for neutralizing antibody were performed not only against the homologous viruses but also against regional homotypic strains. Tests for heterotypic antibody were made against the entire group of enteroviruses (except enterovirus 68), reoviruses 1-3, and adenoviruses 1-11, 13-17 and 19-22. Final vials of the dried serum were provided for the tests. Each serum sample represented a pool of the individual bleedings taken from a group of horses before and after immunization with each virus antigen. The results showed that the homologous geometric mean titres of 9 of 16 echovirus immune sera were 10 000 or above while the other 7 ranged from 2000 to 8000. The homologous antibody titre of one coxsackievirus type A serum was about 2000 while the titres of the other 4 type A sera ranged from about 5000 to 15 000. All corresponding pre-inoculation sera were negative. The results of the homotypic tests, though limited in number, showed the usefulness of the sera. Data on heterotypic antibody titres, if any, are recorded for gidance in the use of the sera. Co-operative testing of 19 additional enterovirus equine sera is now in progress.
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Publication Date: 1970-01-01 PubMed ID: 4320132PubMed Central: PMC2427558
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  • Journal Article

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research article details the results of an international testing programme on enterovirus equine antisera, aimed at understanding the specificity of immune response by horses inoculated with different types of enteroviruses. The study confirms the effectiveness of the antisera (the part of blood that contains antibodies) and lays the groundwork for an ongoing testing series on additional types of enterovirus antisera.

Objective and Methodology

  • The WHO conducted a global testing programme in partnership with several regional and lab-based collaborators, focused on creating and testing antisera for enteroviruses.
  • The experiment involved horses inoculated with prototype enteroviruses such as different types of coxsackie-viruses and echoviruses.
  • Antibody testing included not just against the initial virus used for inoculation (homologous), but also against regional homotypic strains. It also tested heterotypic antibodies against a wider enterovirus group, reoviruses, and adenoviruses.

Antisera Generation

  • The dried serum used for tests was derived from pools of individual bleedings taken from horses before and after immunization with each virus antigen.
  • The process created a representative sample of the immune response for each virus antigen.
  • All corresponding pre-inoculation sera didn’t show any antibodies, confirming that the antibodies were bred as part of the immune response post-inoculation.

Maximum Antibody Titres

  • According to test results, the geometric mean titres of 9 of the 16 echovirus immune sera were 10,000 or above. The remaining 7 ranged between 2,000 and 8,000.
  • For coxsackievirus type A serum, one homologous antibody titre was approximately 2,000; the titres of the other 4 category A sera ranged from around 5,000 to 15,000.

Homotypic Tests

  • The homotypic tests, which involved testing serum against the same virus type used for its creation, yielded encouraging results, illustrating the general usefulness of the sera.

Future Studies

  • The research team is currently testing an additional 19 enterovirus equine sera.
  • The heterotypic antibody titres (antibodies present in serum against virus types other than those used for its creation), which were limited in number, also provided helpful data.

Cite This Article

APA
Melnick JL, Hampil B. (1970). WHO collaborative studies on enterovirus reference antisera. Third report. Bull World Health Organ, 42(6), 847-863.

Publication

Bulletin of the World Health Organization
ISSN: 0042-9686
NlmUniqueID: 7507052
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 42
Issue: 6
Pages: 847-863

Researcher Affiliations

Melnick, J L
    Hampil, B

      MeSH Terms

      • Animals
      • Complement Fixation Tests
      • Enterovirus / immunology
      • Horses
      • Immune Sera / analysis
      • Neutralization Tests
      • World Health Organization

      References

      This article includes 8 references
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      6. KAMITSUKA PS, LOU TY, FABIYI A, WENNER HA. PREPARATION AND STANDARDIZATION OF COXSACKIEVIRUS REFERENCE ANTISERA. I. FOR TWENTY-FOUR GROUP A VIRUSES.. Am J Epidemiol 1965 May;81:283-306.
        pubmed: 14294414doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a120516google scholar: lookup
      7. MIDULLA M, WALLIS C, MELNICK JL. ENTEROVIRUS IMMUNIZING ANTIGENS IN THE FORM OF CATION-STABILIZED AND CONCENTRATED VIRUS PREPARATIONS.. J Immunol 1965 Jul;95:9-12.
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      8. LIM KA, BENYESH-MELNICK M. Typing of viruses by combinations of antiserum pools. Application to typing of enteroviruses (Coxsackie and ECHO).. J Immunol 1960 Mar;84:309-17.
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      Citations

      This article has been cited 7 times.
      1. French ML, Schmidt NJ, Emmons RW, Lennette EH. Immunofluorescence staining of group B coxsackieviruses.. Appl Microbiol 1972 Jan;23(1):54-61.
        doi: 10.1128/am.23.1.54-61.1972pubmed: 4621797google scholar: lookup
      2. Mirkovic RR, Kono R, Yin-Murphy M, Sohier R, Schmidt NJ, Melnick JL. Enterovirus type 70: the etiologic agent of pandemic acute haemorrhagic conjunctivitis.. Bull World Health Organ 1973;49(4):341-6.
        pubmed: 4368683
      3. Melnick JL, Hampil B. WHO collaborative studies on enterovirus reference antisera; fourth report.. Bull World Health Organ 1973;48(4):381-96.
        pubmed: 4357975
      4. Melnick JL, Rennick V, Hampil B, Schmidt NJ, Ho HH. Lyophilized combination pools of enterovirus equine antisera: preparation and test procedures for the identification of field strains of 42 enteroviruses.. Bull World Health Organ 1973;48(3):263-8.
        pubmed: 4355401
      5. Schmidt NJ, Melnick JL, Wenner HA, Ho HH, Burkhardt MA. Evaluation of enterovirus immune horse serum pools for identification of virus field strains.. Bull World Health Organ 1971;45(3):317-30.
        pubmed: 4335411
      6. Melnick JL, Wimberly IL. Lyophilized combination pools of enterovirus equine antisera: new LBM pools prepared from reserves of antisera stored frozen for two decades.. Bull World Health Organ 1985;63(3):543-50.
        pubmed: 2994900
      7. Dahling DR, Safferman RS. Survival of enteric viruses under natural conditions in a subarctic river.. Appl Environ Microbiol 1979 Dec;38(6):1103-10.
        doi: 10.1128/aem.38.6.1103-1110.1979pubmed: 230786google scholar: lookup
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