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Home / Equine Research Bank / Influenza Other Respir Viruses / Whole-genome sequencing and antigenic analysis of the first ...
Influenza and other respiratory viruses2018; 12(3); 374-382; doi: 10.1111/irv.12485

Whole-genome sequencing and antigenic analysis of the first equine influenza virus identified in Turkey.

Abstract: In 2013, there was an outbreak of acute respiratory disease in racehorses in Turkey. The clinical signs were consistent with equine influenza (EI). The aim was to confirm the cause of the outbreak and characterise the causal virus. A pan-reactive influenza type A real-time RT-PCR and a rapid antigen detection kit were used for confirmatory diagnosis of equine influenza virus (EIV). Immunological susceptibility to EIV was examined using single radial haemolysis and ELISA. Antigenic characterisation was completed by haemagglutinin inhibition using a panel of specific ferret antisera. Genetic characterisation was achieved by whole-genome sequencing using segment-specific primers with M13 tags. A H3N8 EIV of the Florida clade 2 sublineage (FC2) was confirmed as the causal agent. The index cases were unvaccinated and immunologically susceptible. Phylogenetic analysis of the HA1 and NA genes demonstrated that A/equine/Ankara/1/2013 clustered with the FC2 strains circulating in Europe. Antigenic characterisation confirmed the FC2 classification and demonstrated the absence of significant drift. Whole-genome sequencing indicated that A/equine/Ankara/1/2013 is most closely related to the viruses described as the 179 group based on the substitution I179V in HA1, for example A/equine/East Renfrewshire/2/2011, A/equine/Cambremer/1/2012 and A/equine/Saone et Loire/1/2015. The greatest diversity was observed in the NS1 segment and the polymerase complex. The first recorded outbreak of EI in Turkey was caused by an FC2 virus closely related to viruses circulating in Europe. Antigenic and genetic characterisation gave no indication that the current OIE recommendations for EI vaccine composition require modification.
© 2017 The Authors. Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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Publication Date: 2018-02-08 PubMed ID: 28940727PubMed Central: PMC5907808DOI: 10.1111/irv.12485Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research investigated an outbreak of respiratory disease in racehorses in Turkey in 2013, which was suspected to be equine influenza. They used antigenic and whole-genome sequencing analysis to identify and characterize the causal agent – a H3N8 equine influenza virus from the Florida clade 2 sublineage. There was no indication that the currently recommended vaccines need any adjustment due to this particular outbreak.

Detailed Investigation and Methodologies

  • The team observed an outbreak of acute respiratory disease in racehorses in Turkey in 2013, with symptoms consistent with equine influenza (EI). They set out to definitively identify the cause and characterize the virus responsible.
  • Diagnostic confirmation was achieved using influenza type A real-time RT-PCR and a rapid antigen detection kit, both designed specifically for detecting equine influenza virus (EIV).
  • In order to assess the horses’ susceptibility to EIV, the team used tests such as single radial haemolysis and ELISA.

Findings and Characterization

  • The culprit of the outbreak was confirmed to be a H3N8 EIV of the Florida clade 2 sublineage (FC2). The initial victims were unvaccinated and displayed susceptibility to the virus.
  • Phylogenetic analysis of the virus’s HA1 and NA genes showed that it grouped with the FC2 strains circulating in Europe, identified as A/equine/Ankara/1/2013.
  • This variant, A/equine/Ankara/1/2013, was closely related to virus types referred to as the ‘179 group’, due to their shared substitution I179V in HA1.
  • The most diversity was found in the NS1 segment and the polymerase complex of the virus.

Conclusion and Implications

  • This research marks the first record of an equine influenza outbreak in Turkey, caused by a FC2 virus related to those circulating in Europe.
  • The antigenic and genetic characterizations determined did not indicate that the current OIE recommendations for equine influenza vaccine composition require modification.
  • This implies that the current vaccination methods are likely sufficient in preventing further outbreaks of this strain of equine influenza.

Cite This Article

APA
Gahan J, Garvey M, Gildea S, Gür E, Kagankaya A, Cullinane A. (2018). Whole-genome sequencing and antigenic analysis of the first equine influenza virus identified in Turkey. Influenza Other Respir Viruses, 12(3), 374-382. https://doi.org/10.1111/irv.12485

Publication

Influenza and other respiratory viruses
ISSN: 1750-2659
NlmUniqueID: 101304007
Country: England
Language: English
Volume: 12
Issue: 3
Pages: 374-382

Researcher Affiliations

Gahan, Jacinta
  • Virology Unit, Irish Equine Centre, Naas, Ireland.
Garvey, Marie
  • Virology Unit, Irish Equine Centre, Naas, Ireland.
Gildea, Sarah
  • Virology Unit, Irish Equine Centre, Naas, Ireland.
Gür, Emre
  • Head of Equine Health and Veterinary Services Department, Jockey Club of Turkey, Istanbul, Turkey.
Kagankaya, Anil
  • Department of Surgery, Ankara University Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.
Cullinane, Ann
  • Virology Unit, Irish Equine Centre, Naas, Ireland.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Antigens, Viral / genetics
  • Disease Outbreaks / veterinary
  • Genetic Variation
  • Horses / virology
  • Influenza A Virus, H3N8 Subtype / genetics
  • Influenza A Virus, H3N8 Subtype / isolation & purification
  • Orthomyxoviridae Infections / diagnosis
  • Orthomyxoviridae Infections / veterinary
  • Orthomyxoviridae Infections / virology
  • Phylogeny
  • Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
  • Turkey
  • Viral Nonstructural Proteins / genetics
  • Whole Genome Sequencing

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Citations

This article has been cited 6 times.
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