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Stem cells international2018; 2018; 1073705; doi: 10.1155/2018/1073705

Xenogenic Implantation of Equine Synovial Fluid-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Leads to Articular Cartilage Regeneration.

Abstract: Horses are widely used as large animal preclinical models for cartilage repair studies, and hence, there is an interest in using equine synovial fluid-derived mesenchymal stem cells (SFMSCs) in research and clinical applications. Since, we have previously reported that similar to bone marrow-derived MSCs (BMMSCs), SFMSCs may also exhibit donor-to-donor variations in their stem cell properties; the current study was carried out as a proof-of-concept study, to compare the in vivo potential of equine BMMSCs and SFMSCs in articular cartilage repair. MSCs from these two sources were isolated from the same equine donor. In vitro analyses confirmed a significant increase in COMP expression in SFMSCs at day 14. The cells were then encapsulated in neutral agarose scaffold constructs and were implanted into two mm diameter full-thickness articular cartilage defect in trochlear grooves of the rat femur. MSCs were fluorescently labeled, and one week after treatment, the knee joints were evaluated for the presence of MSCs to the injured site and at 12 weeks were evaluated macroscopically, histologically, and then by immunofluorescence for healing of the defect. The macroscopic and histological evaluations showed better healing of the articular cartilage in the MSCs' treated knee than in the control. Interestingly, SFMSC-treated knees showed a significantly higher Col II expression, suggesting the presence of hyaline cartilage in the healed defect. Data suggests that equine SFMSCs may be a viable option for treating osteochondral defects; however, their stem cell properties require prior testing before application.
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Publication Date: 2018-06-06 PubMed ID: 29977305PubMed Central: PMC6011062DOI: 10.1155/2018/1073705Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research article investigates the potential of using mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) drawn from horse synovial fluid (SFMSCs) to regenerate articular cartilage, as compared to those taken from bone marrow (BMMSCs). The study utilises a preclinical animal model to test the concept, demonstrating positive results in healing of articular cartilage, particularly when SFMSCs are used.

Research Methodology

  • The scientists started by using horses as their source of MSCs, which were collected from both bone marrow and synovial fluid from the same donor.
  • The cells underwent an analysis in the laboratory to confirm an increased expression of COMP in SFMSCs at day 14. COMP or Cartilage Oligomeric Matrix Protein is a biomarker indicating healthy joint cartilage.
  • An experiment was then carried out where these cells were encapsulated into a neutral agarose scaffold construct – a device that can support the growth of new cells – before being implanted into a cartilage defect in a rat’s femur.
  • They checked one week after this implantation to confirm the MSCs were present at the injury site. They undertook a further evaluation 12 weeks post-implantation to assess the macroscopic and histologic state of the affected area.

Key Findings

  • The MSCs-treated knees showed superior healing to the untreated control knees
  • Of particular note, the SFMSC-treated knees demonstrated a significantly higher expression of collagen type II, or Col II. This is a protein abundant in healthy cartilage, leads researchers to conclude that hyaline, or healthy, cartilage was present in the healed area.
  • The research suggests that SFMSCs could be a feasible treatment for osteochondral defects. However, the properties of these cells would need to be tested prior to clinical application.

Implication and Future Directions

  • This study provides promising evidence that equine SFMSCs have potential to treat joint defects and contribute to articular cartilage regeneration.
  • This opens a path for further investigations into practical clinical applications of SFMSCs, and could contribute to more effective therapies for joint diseases and injuries in humans.
  • Yet, more comprehensive studies are required to understand the full healing potential and safety of these cells in treating osteochondral defects. The potential variability of stem cell properties from donor to donor should also be taken into account in future studies.

Cite This Article

APA
Zayed M, Newby S, Misk N, Donnell R, Dhar M. (2018). Xenogenic Implantation of Equine Synovial Fluid-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Leads to Articular Cartilage Regeneration. Stem Cells Int, 2018, 1073705. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/1073705

Publication

Stem cells international
ISSN: 1687-966X
NlmUniqueID: 101535822
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 2018
Pages: 1073705
PII: 1073705

Researcher Affiliations

Zayed, Mohammed
  • Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA.
Newby, Steven
  • Comparative and Experimental Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA.
Misk, Nabil
  • Department of Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Assuit University, Asyut 71526, Egypt.
Donnell, Robert
  • Biomedical and Diagnostic Services, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA.
Dhar, Madhu
  • Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA.
  • Comparative and Experimental Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA.

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