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Y Chromosome Uncovers the Recent Oriental Origin of Modern Stallions.
Abstract: The Y chromosome directly reflects male genealogies, but the extremely low Y chromosome sequence diversity in horses has prevented the reconstruction of stallion genealogies [1, 2]. Here, we resolve the first Y chromosome genealogy of modern horses by screening 1.46 Mb of the male-specific region of the Y chromosome (MSY) in 52 horses from 21 breeds. Based on highly accurate pedigree data, we estimated the de novo mutation rate of the horse MSY and showed that various modern horse Y chromosome lineages split much later than the domestication of the species. Apart from few private northern European haplotypes, all modern horse breeds clustered together in a roughly 700-year-old haplogroup that was transmitted to Europe by the import of Oriental stallions. The Oriental horse group consisted of two major subclades: the Original Arabian lineage and the Turkoman horse lineage. We show that the English Thoroughbred MSY was derived from the Turkoman lineage and that English Thoroughbred sires are largely responsible for the predominance of this haplotype in modern horses.
Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Publication Date: 2017-06-29 PubMed ID: 28669755DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2017.05.086Google Scholar: Lookup The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
- Journal Article
Summary
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This research article explores the genetic history of modern stallions, using the Y chromosome sequence diversity in horses to trace back their lineage. The findings reveal that the majority of modern horse breeds can trace their genealogy to Oriental stallions from roughly 700 years ago. The Turkoman horse lineage in particular has significantly influenced the genetic makeup of the English Thoroughbred breed.
Studying the Y Chromosome of Horses
- The researchers decided to look into the Y chromosome as it directly reflects male genealogies.
- Previously, the low sequence diversity in the Y chromosomes of horses has made it difficult to trace their genealogy.
- For this study, the researchers examined 1.46 Megabases of the male-specific region of the Y chromosome (MSY) in 52 horses from 21 different breeds.
Estimating the De Novo Mutation Rate
- To estimate the speed at which new genetic mutations occur in the horse MSY, the researchers used highly accurate pedigree data.
- They discovered that the various Y chromosome lineages observed in modern horses actually diverged much later than the original domestication of the species.
The Oriental Influence on Modern Horses
- Excluding a few unique haplotypes found in northern European lineages, all modern horse breeds were found to cluster together in a haplogroup that dates back to around 700 years ago.
- This haplogroup was transmitted to Europe through the importation of Oriental stallions, revealing the significant influence of these stallions on modern horse genealogies.
Two Major Subclades of the Oriental Horse Group
- The Oriental horse group was found to be divided into two major subclades: the Original Arabian lineage and the Turkoman horse lineage.
- The research showed the English Thoroughbred MSY was derived from the Turkoman lineage, which played a considerable role in shaping the genetic makeup of this breed.
- The predominance of the Turkoman haplotype in modern horses is largely due to English Thoroughbred sires.
Cite This Article
APA
Wallner B, Palmieri N, Vogl C, Rigler D, Bozlak E, Druml T, Jagannathan V, Leeb T, Fries R, Tetens J, Thaller G, Metzger J, Distl O, Lindgren G, Rubin CJ, Andersson L, Schaefer R, McCue M, Neuditschko M, Rieder S, Schlötterer C, Brem G.
(2017).
Y Chromosome Uncovers the Recent Oriental Origin of Modern Stallions.
Curr Biol, 27(13), 2029-2035.e5.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2017.05.086 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna 1210, Austria. Electronic address: barbara.wallner@vetmeduni.ac.at.
- Institut für Populationsgenetik, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna 1210, Austria; Institute of Parasitology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna 1210, Austria.
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna 1210, Austria.
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna 1210, Austria.
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna 1210, Austria.
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna 1210, Austria.
- Institute of Genetics, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern 3001, Switzerland.
- Institute of Genetics, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern 3001, Switzerland.
- Lehrstuhl für Tierzucht, Technische Universität München, Freising 85354, Germany.
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Husbandry, University of Kiel, Kiel 24098, Germany; Functional Breeding Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Göttingen 37077, Germany.
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Husbandry, University of Kiel, Kiel 24098, Germany.
- Institute for Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover 30559, Germany.
- Institute for Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover 30559, Germany.
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala 75007, Sweden.
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala 75123, Sweden.
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala 75007, Sweden; Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala 75123, Sweden; Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-4461, USA.
- Veterinary Population Medicine Department, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA.
- Veterinary Population Medicine Department, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA.
- Agroscope, Swiss National Stud Farm, Avenches 1580, Switzerland.
- Agroscope, Swiss National Stud Farm, Avenches 1580, Switzerland.
- Institut für Populationsgenetik, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna 1210, Austria.
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna 1210, Austria.
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Europe
- Evolution, Molecular
- Genetic Variation
- Haplotypes / genetics
- Horses / genetics
- Male
- Pedigree
- Y Chromosome / genetics
Citations
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