FREE SHIPPING over $40
OVER 10000 FIVE-STAR REVIEWS
5% OFF ALL SUBSCRIPTIONS
100% HAPPINESS GUARANTEE
Analyze Diet
0
Translational animal science2021; 5(4); txab208; doi: 10.1093/tas/txab208

Yield, nutrient composition, and horse condition in integrated crabgrass and cool-season grass rotational grazing pasture systems.

Abstract: Integration of warm-season grasses into traditional cool-season pastures can increase summer forage for grazing cattle. The aim of this study was to determine impacts of this practice on yield and nutrient composition of equine rotational pasture systems as well as horse body condition. Two 1.5 ha rotational systems (6 to 0.25 ha sections/system) were evaluated: a control system (CON) (all sections mixed cool-season grass [CSG-CON]) and an integrated rotational grazing system (IRS) (three CSG sections [CSG-IRS] and three Quick-N-Big crabgrass [Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop.; CRB-IRS]). Three horses per system grazed in three periods: EARLY (mid-May to mid-July), SLUMP (mid-July to mid-September), and LATE (mid-September to mid-November). Herbage mass (HM) was measured prior to each rotation and samples were collected (0800 to 1000 h) for nutrient analysis. Grazing days were tracked to calculate carrying capacity (CC). Horse condition measures were assessed monthly. Over the full grazing season, 9,125 kg of forage was available for grazing in IRS versus 6,335 kg in CON. The CC was 390 horse d for IRS, while only 276 horse d for CON. Total HM/section did not differ during EARLY when CRB was not available (CSG-IRS: 2,537 ± 605; CSG-CON: 3,783 ± 856 kg/ha), but CC was greater in CSG-IRS (220 ± 37 horse d/ha) than CSG-CON (92 ± 26 horse d/ha; P = 0.03). In SLUMP, both HM and CC were greater in CRB-IRS (HM: 4,758 ± 698 kg/ha; CC: 196 ± 31 horse d/ha) than CSG-IRS (HM: 1,086 ± 698 kg/ha; CC: 32 ± 31 horse d/ha) or CON (HM: 970 ± 493 kg/ha; CC: 46 ± 22 horse d/ha; P < 0.02). While HM did not differ by section type in LATE (1,284 ± 158 kg/ha), CC was greater in CSG-CON (84 ± 9 horse d/ha) versus CRB-IRS (32 ± 13 horse d/ha; P = 0.03) and CSG-IRS (40 ± 13 horse d/ha; P = 0.06). During SLUMP, water-soluble carbohydrates (WSC) were lower in CRB-IRS (4.46% ± 0.80%) than CSG-CON (7.92% ± 0.90%; P < 0.04), but not CSG-IRS (5.93% ± 1.04%); however, non-structural carbohydrates (NSC) did not differ (7.05% ± 0.62%). There were no differences in WSC (6.46% ± 0.54%) or NSC (7.65% ± 0.54%) by section type in LATE. Horses in IRS maintained a body condition score (BCS) of 5.78 ± 0.48, but BCS did not differ by system (CON: 6.11 ± 0.48). Thus, integrated grazing increased summer pasture yield and provided adequate nutrition to maintain horse condition, but further research is needed to improve late-season production. Integrated grazing may not, however, provide an advantage in limiting dietary NSC, as NSC remained low for all pasture sections.
© The Author(s) 2021. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the American Society of Animal Science.
Get Full Text
Publication Date: 2021-10-26 PubMed ID: 34859200PubMed Central: PMC8633121DOI: 10.1093/tas/txab208Google Scholar: Lookup
The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
LinkedInCopy
  • Journal Article

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research paper explores the impact of integrating warm-season grasses into traditional cool-season horse pastures on available grazing yield, nutrient composition, and horse body condition. The research supports the benefits of integrated rotational grazing systems in increasing summer pasture yield and adequately nourishing horses.

Research Setup

  • The research took place on two rotational pasture systems each of 1.5 hectares, divided into 6 sections/system. One was a control system (CON), entirely composed of cool-season grass (CSG-CON), while the other was an integrated rotational grazing system (IRS) consisting of three sections each of cool-season grass (CSG-IRS) and three sections of crabgrass (CRB-IRS).
  • Three horses per system grazed throughout three periods termed EARLY, SLUMP, and LATE, each spanning about two months. Prior to each rotation, the researchers measured the available pasture or herbage mass (HM) and collected samples for nutrient analysis.
  • The study tracked grazing days to find the carrying capacity of each system and assessed the condition of the horses on a monthly basis.

Findings on Forage Yield and Carrying Capacity

  • The integrated rotational grazing system (IRS) provided a significantly greater amount of forage than the control system. The IRS supplied 9,125 kg of forage over the grazing season, as compared to 6,335 kg by the control system.
  • Carrying capacity was greater for the IRS (390 horse days) than the control (276 horse days), indicating that the IRS can support more grazing livestock for a longer period.
  • Throughout the SLUMP period, the crabgrass in the IRS yielded a higher herbage mass and had a greater carrying capacity than the control system or the cool-season grass in the same IRS.
  • However, in the LATE period after the crabgrass was no longer available, the control system had a larger carrying capacity than either the crabgrass or cool-season grass sections in the IRS.

Findings on Nutrient Composition

  • During the SLUMP period, the crabgrass in the IRS showed a lower content of water-soluble carbohydrates than the control system but not the cool-season grass in the same IRS.
  • There were no significant differences in the content of non-structural carbohydrates (NSCs) in either grass type during the SLUMP period. The concentration of these nutrients, which are vital for equine health, remained low across all sections in the LATE period.

Impact on Horse Condition

  • Horses grazing the IRS maintained healthy body conditions throughout the experiment, achieving a body condition score (BCS) of 5.78 (note that a BCS of 5 is generally considered optimal for horses).
  • However, the BCS didn’t significantly differ between the control and IRS systems, suggesting that both systems provided enough nutrition to sustain horse health.

Research Conclusion

  • The study concludes that integrated rotational grazing systems can increase summer pasture yields and provide adequate nutrition to maintain the condition of grazing equine populations.
  • Some challenges persist, such as optimizing late-season production. Furthermore, integrating warm-season grasses doesn’t seem to offer significant benefits in terms of reducing NSC intake.
  • This combination of warm-season and cool-season pastures may support healthier, more sustainable pasture and livestock management, although further research is needed.

Cite This Article

APA
Weinert-Nelson JR, Meyer WA, Williams CA. (2021). Yield, nutrient composition, and horse condition in integrated crabgrass and cool-season grass rotational grazing pasture systems. Transl Anim Sci, 5(4), txab208. https://doi.org/10.1093/tas/txab208

Publication

Translational animal science
ISSN: 2573-2102
NlmUniqueID: 101738705
Country: England
Language: English
Volume: 5
Issue: 4
Pages: txab208

Researcher Affiliations

Weinert-Nelson, Jennifer R
  • Department of Animal Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA.
Meyer, William A
  • Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA.
Williams, Carey A
  • Department of Animal Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA.

References

This article includes 64 references
  1. Aiken GE, Potter GD, Conrad BE, Evans JW. Growth performance of yearling horses grazing bermudagrass pastures at different grazing pressures. J. Anim. Sci. 67:2692–2697.
    doi: 10.2527/jas1989.67102692xpubmed: 2808170google scholar: lookup
  2. Allen E, Sheaffer C, Martinson K. Yield and persistence of cool–season grasses under horse grazing. Agron. J. 104(6):1741–1746.
    doi: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2012.09.020google scholar: lookup
  3. Allen E, Sheaffer C, Martinson K. Forage nutritive value and preference of cool-season grasses under horse grazing. Agron. J. 105(3):679–684.
    doi: 10.2134/agronj2012.0300google scholar: lookup
  4. Argo CM, Curtis GC, Grove-White D, Dugdale AH, Barfoot CF, Harris PA. Weight loss resistance: a further consideration for the nutritional management of obese Equidae. Vet. J. 194:179–188.
    doi: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2012.09.020pubmed: 23117030google scholar: lookup
  5. Baxter–Potter WR, Gilliland MW. Bacterial pollution in runoff from agricultural lands. J. Environ. Qual. 17(1):27–34.
    doi: 10.2134/jeq1988.00472425001700010004xgoogle scholar: lookup
  6. Bouton JH, Motes B, Trammell MA, Butler TJ. Registration of ‘Impact’ crabgrass. J. Plant Regist. 13(1):19–23.
    doi: 10.3198/jpr2018.04.0019crcgoogle scholar: lookup
  7. Burk AO, Fiorellino NM, Shellem TA, Dwyer ME, Vough LR, Dengler E. Field observations from the University of Maryland’s equine rotational grazing demonstration site: a two year perspective. J. Equine Vet. Sci. 5(31):302–303 (Abstr.).
    doi: 10.1016/j.jevs.2011.03.132google scholar: lookup
  8. Burwash, L., Ralston B., Olson M., and Wogelsang M.. . 2005. Effect of high nitrate feed on mature idle horses. In: Proceedings of the Annual Symposium of the Equine Science Society; May 31 to June 3, 2005; Tucson, AZ.
  9. Butler DM, Ranells NN, Franklin DH, Poore MH, Green JT Jr. Ground cover impacts on nitrogen export from manured riparian pasture. J. Environ. Qual. 36:155–162.
    doi: 10.2134/jeq2006.0082pubmed: 17215223google scholar: lookup
  10. Catalano DN, Sheaffer CC, Wiering NP, Grev AM, Ehlke NJ, Mousel E, Martinson KL. Yield, persistence, forage nutritive value, and preference of perennial ryegrass under grazing. Agron. J. 112(5):4182–4194.
    doi: 10.1002/agj2.20364google scholar: lookup
  11. Chatterton NJ, Harrison PA, Bennett JH, Asay KH. Carbohydrate partitioning in 185 accessions of Gramineae grown under warm and cool temperatures. J. Plant Physiol. 134(2):169–179.
    doi: 10.1016/S0176-1617(89)80051-3google scholar: lookup
  12. Costin AB. Runoff and soil and nutrient losses from an improved pasture at Ginninderra, southern tablelands, new south wales. Aust. J. Agric. Res. 31(3):533–546.
    doi: 10.1071/AR9800533google scholar: lookup
  13. Crider FJ. Root-growth stoppage resulting from defoliation of grass. Washington (DC): US Department of Agriculture..
  14. DeBoer ML, Hathaway MR, Kuhle KJ, Weber PSD, Reiter AS, Sheaffer CC, Wells MS, Martinson KL. Glucose and insulin response of horses grazing Alfalfa, perennial cool-season grass, and teff across seasons. J. Equine Vet. Sci. 68:33–38.
    doi: 10.1016/j.jevs.2018.04.008pubmed: 31256885google scholar: lookup
  15. DeBoer ML, Sheaffer CC, Grev AM, Catalano DN, Wells MS, Hathaway MR, Martinson KL. Yield, nutritive value, and preference of annual warm–season grasses grazed by horses. Agron. J. 109(5):2136–2148.
    doi: 10.2134/agronj2017.02.0099google scholar: lookup
  16. Dugdale AH, Curtis GC, Cripps P, Harris PA, Argo CM. Effect of dietary restriction on body condition, composition and welfare of overweight and obese pony mares. Equine Vet. J. 42:600–610.
    doi: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.2010.00110.xpubmed: 20840575google scholar: lookup
  17. Dugdale AH, Curtis GC, Harris PA, Argo CM. Assessment of body fat in the pony: part I. Relationships between the anatomical distribution of adipose tissue, body composition and body condition. Equine Vet. J. 43:552–561.
    doi: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.2010.00330.xpubmed: 21496091google scholar: lookup
  18. Evans RA, Love RM. The step-point method of sampling-a practical tool in range research. J. Range Manag. 10(5):208–212.
    doi: 10.2307/3894015google scholar: lookup
  19. Fernandes KA, Rogers CW, Gee EK, Bolwell CF, Thomas DG. Body condition and morphometric measures of adiposity in a cohort of pony club horses and ponies in New Zealand. Proc. N. Z. Soc. Anim. Prod. 75:195–199.
  20. Frank N, Geor RJ, Bailey SR, Durham AE, Johnson PJ. Equine metabolic syndrome. J. Vet. Intern. Med. 24:467–475.
    doi: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2010.0503.xpubmed: 20384947google scholar: lookup
  21. Gelley C, Nave RLG, Bates G. Forage nutritive value and herbage mass relationship of four warm–season grasses. Agron. J. 108(4):1603–1613.
    doi: 10.2134/agronj2016.01.0018google scholar: lookup
  22. Ghajar SM, McKenzie H, Fike J, McIntosh B, Tracy BF. Evaluating digestibility and toxicity of native warm-season grasses for equines. Transl. Anim. Sci. 5(1):txaa224.
    doi: 10.1093/tas/txaa224pmc: PMC7810257pubmed: 33501415google scholar: lookup
  23. Glunk EC, Pratt-Phillips SE, Siciliano PD. Effect of restricted pasture access on pasture dry matter intake rate, dietary energy intake, and fecal pH in horses. J. Equine Vet. Sci. 33:421–426.
    doi: 10.1016/j.jevs.2012.07.014google scholar: lookup
  24. Goer RJ, Harris PA. Obesity. In: Goer, R. J., Harris P. A., and Coenen M., editors, Equine applied and clinical nutrition. London (UK): Elsevier Ltd; p. 469–486..
  25. Gordon ME, McKeever KH, Betros CL, Manso Filho HC. Plasma leptin, ghrelin and adiponectin concentrations in young fit racehorses versus mature unfit standardbreds. Vet. J. 173:91–100.
    doi: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2005.11.004pubmed: 16377220google scholar: lookup
  26. Grev AM, Sheaffer CC, DeBoer ML, Catalano DN, Martinson KL. Preference, yield, and forage nutritive value of annual grasses under horse grazing. Agron. J. 109(4):1561–1572.
    doi: 10.2134/agronj2016.11.0684google scholar: lookup
  27. Guretzky JA, Volesky JD, Stephenson MB, Harmoney KR, Moyer JL. Interseeding annual warm-season grasses into temperate pasturelands: forage accumulation and composition. Crop Ecol. Physiol. 112:2812–2825.
    doi: 10.1002/agj2.20250google scholar: lookup
  28. Hansen TL, Fowler AL, Strasinger LA, Harlow BE, Hayes SH, Lawrence LM. Effect of soaking on nitrate concentrations in teff hay. J. Equine Vet. Sci. 45:53–57.
    doi: 10.1016/j.jevs.2016.06.071google scholar: lookup
  29. Henneke DR, Potter GD, Kreider JL, Yeates BF. Relationship between condition score, physical measurements and body fat percentage in mares. Equine Vet. J. 15:371–372.
    doi: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.1983.tb01826.xpubmed: 6641685google scholar: lookup
  30. Hudson DJ, Leep RH, Dietz TS, Ragavendran A, Kravchenko A. Integrated warm–and cool–season grass and legume pastures: I. seasonal forage dynamics. Agron. J. 102(1):303–309.
    doi: 10.2134/agronj2009.0204google scholar: lookup
  31. Jaqueth AL, Iwaniuk ME, Burk AO. Characterization of the prevalence and management of over-conditioned ponies and horses in Maryland. J. Equine Vet. Sci. 68:26–32.
    doi: 10.1016/j.jevs.2018.02.007pubmed: 31256884google scholar: lookup
  32. Jaqueth AL, Turner TR, Iwaniuk ME, McIntosh BJ, Burk AO. Relative traffic tolerance of warm-season grasses and suitability for grazing by equine. J. Equine Vet. Sci. 103:103244.
    doi: 10.1016/j.jevs.2020.103244pubmed: 34281644google scholar: lookup
  33. Jensen KB, Harrison P, Chatterton NJ, Bushman BS, Creech JE. Seasonal trends in nonstructural carbohydrates in cool–and warm–season grasses. Crop Sci. 54(5):2328–2340.
    doi: 10.2135/cropsci2013.07.0465google scholar: lookup
  34. Jordan SA, Pond KR, Burns JC, Barnett DT, Evans PA. Voluntary intake and controlled grazing of horses. In: Pederson G. A., editor. Proc. Am. Forage Grassl. Counc.;March 12 to 14, 1995; Lexington, Kentucky; p. 71–75..
  35. Kallenbach RL, Crawford RJ Jr, Massie MD, Kerley MS, Bailey NJ. Integrating bermudagrass into tall fescue-based pasture systems for stocker cattle. J. Anim. Sci. 90:387–394.
    doi: 10.2527/jas.2011-4070pubmed: 21856893google scholar: lookup
  36. Kearns CF, McKeever KH, Roegner V, Brady SM, Malinowski K. Adiponectin and leptin are related to fat mass in horses. Vet. J. 172:460–465.
    doi: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2005.05.002pubmed: 15996495google scholar: lookup
  37. Kenny LB, Ward D, Robson MG, Williams CA. Comparing four techniques for estimating desired grass species composition in horse pastures. J. Anim. Sci. 96:2219–2225.
    doi: 10.1093/jas/sky111pmc: PMC6095353pubmed: 29668994google scholar: lookup
  38. Longland AC, Barfoot C, Harris PA. The effect of wearing a grazing muzzle vs. not wearing a grazing muzzle on intakes of spring, summer, and autumn pastures by ponies. In: Forages and grazing in horse nutrition. Wageningen (the Netherlands): Wageningen Academic Publishers; p. 185–186..
  39. Martinson KL, Wells MS, Sheaffer CC. Horse preference, forage yield and species persistence of twelve perennial cool-season grass mixtures under horse grazing. J. Equine Vet. Sci. 36:19–25.
    doi: 10.1016/j.jevs.2015.10.003google scholar: lookup
  40. McCormick JS, Sulc RM, Barker DJ, Beuerlein JE. Yield and nutritive value of autumn–seeded winter–hardy and winter–sensitive annual forages. Crop Sci. 46(5):981–989.
    doi: 10.2135/cropsci2006.0140google scholar: lookup
  41. McIntosh BJ. Circadian and seasonal variation in pasture nonstructural carbohydrates and the physiological response of grazing horses [PhD dissertation]. Blacksburg (VA): Virginia Polytechnic Inst. and State Univ..
  42. McMeniman NP. Nutrition of grazing broodmares, their foals and young horses. Canberra, ACT (Australia): Rural Industries Research & Development Corporation..
  43. Moore KJ, White TA, Hintz RL, Patrick PK, Brummer EC. Sequential grazing of cool–and warm–season pastures. Agron. J. 96(4):1103–1111.
    doi: 10.2134/agronj1991.00021962008300060027xgoogle scholar: lookup
  44. Nicholson SS. Nitrate and nitrite accumulating plants. In: Gupta, R. C., editor, Veterinary toxicology, basic clinical principles. Amsterdam (the Netherlands): Elsevier; p. 876–879..
  45. NRC. Nutrient requirements of horses. 6th ed. Washington (DC): Natl. Acad. Press..
  46. Parvage MM, Ulén B, Kirchmann H. A survey of soil phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) in Swedish horse paddocks. Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. 178:1–9.
    doi: 10.1016/j.agee.2013.06.009google scholar: lookup
  47. Pelletier S, Tremblay GF, Bertrand A, Belanger G, Castonguay Y, Michaud R. Drying procedures affect non-structural carbohydrates and other nutritive value attributes in forage samples. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 157:139–50.
    doi: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2010.02.010google scholar: lookup
  48. Ritz KE, Heins BJ, Moon R, Sheaffer C, Weyers SL. Forage yield and nutritive value of cool-season and warm-season forages for grazing organic dairy cattle. Agronomy. 10(12):1963.
    doi: 10.3390/agronomy10121963google scholar: lookup
  49. Ritz KE, Heins BJ, Moon RD, Sheaffer CC, Weyers SL. Milk production, body weight, body condition score, activity, and rumination of organic dairy cattle grazing two different pasture systems incorporating cool-and warm-season forages. Animals. 11:264.
    doi: 10.3390/ani11020264pmc: PMC7910955pubmed: 33494432google scholar: lookup
  50. Robin CA, Ireland JL, Wylie CE, Collins SN, Verheyen K, Newton JR. Prevalence of and risk factors for equine obesity in Great Britain based on owner–reported body condition scores. Equine Vet. J. 47(2):196–201.
    doi: 10.1111/evj.12275pubmed: 24735219google scholar: lookup
  51. nRutgers New Jersey Weather Network. New Brunswick (NJ): Office of the New Jersey State Climatologist at Rutgers University; [accessed February 24, 2020]. https://www.njweather.org/data.
  52. Schmitz Z, Isselstein J. Effect of grazing system on grassland plant species richness and vegetation characteristics: comparing horse and cattle grazing. Sustainability. 12:3300.
    doi: 10.3390/sለ3300google scholar: lookup
  53. Smith DG, Mayes RW, Hollands T, Cí·¯ord D, Yule HH, Ladrero CM, Gillen E. Validating the alkane pair technique to estimate dry matter intake in equids. J. Agric. Sci. 145(3):273.
    doi: 10.1017/S0021859607006788google scholar: lookup
  54. Teutsch C. Warm-season annual grasses for summer forage. Publication 418-004. Blacksburg (VA): Communication and Marketing, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Inst. and State Univ..
  55. Teutsch CD, Fike JH, Tilson WM. Yield, digestibility, and nutritive value of crabgrass as impacted by nitrogen fertilization rate and source. Agron. J. 97(6):1640–1646.
    doi: 10.2134/agronj2005.0047google scholar: lookup
  56. Teutsch CD, Tilson WM. Nitrate accumulation in crabgrass as impacted by nitrogen fertilization rate and source. Forage Grazinglands. 31:1–11.
    doi: 10.1094/FG-2005-0830-01-RSgoogle scholar: lookup
  57. Taiz L, Zeiger E. Photosynthesis: Carbon Reactions. In: Taiz, L. and Zeiger E., editors, Plant physiology. 3rd ed. Sunderland (MA): Sinauer Associates, Inc.; p. 111–143..
  58. Tracy BF, Maughan M, Post N, Faulkner DB. Integrating annual and perennial warm–season grasses in a temperate grazing system. Crop Sci. 50(5):2171–2177.
    doi: 10.2135/cropsci2010.02.0110google scholar: lookup
  59. Treiber KH, Kronfeld DS, Hess TM, Byrd BM, Splan RK, Staniar WB. Evaluation of genetic and metabolic predispositions and nutritional risk factors for pasture-associated laminitis in ponies. J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. 228:1538–1545.
    doi: 10.2460/javma.228.10.1538pubmed: 16677122google scholar: lookup
  60. Webb GW, Hussey MA, Conrad BE, Potter GD. Growth of yearling horses grazing Klein grass or Bermuda grass pastures. J. Equine Vet. Sci. 10(3):195–198.
    doi: 10.1016/S0737-0806(06)80159-0google scholar: lookup
  61. Weinert JR, Williams CA. Recovery of pasture forage production following winter rest in continuous and rotational horse grazing systems. J. Equine Vet. Sci. 70:32–37.
    doi: 10.1016/j.jevs.2018.06.017google scholar: lookup
  62. Westervelt RG, Stouffer JR, Hintz HF, Schryver HF. Estimating fatness in horses and ponies. J. Anim. Sci. 43(4):781–785.
    doi: 10.2134/jas1976.434781xgoogle scholar: lookup
  63. Williams CA, Kenny LB, Burk AO. Effects of grazing system, season, and forage carbohydrates on glucose and insulin dynamics of the grazing horse. J. Anim. Sci. 97:2541–2554.
    doi: 10.1093/jas/skz103pmc: PMC6541809pubmed: 30911753google scholar: lookup
  64. Williams CA, Kenny LB, Weinert JR, Sullivan K, Meyer W, Robson MG. Effects of 27 mo of rotational vs. continuous grazing on horse and pasture condition. Transl. Anim. Sci. 4(3):txaa084.
    doi: 10.1093/tas/txaa084pmc: PMC7370406pubmed: 32705075google scholar: lookup

Citations

This article has been cited 3 times.
  1. Weinert-Nelson JR, Biddle AS, Sampath H, Williams CA. Fecal Microbiota, Forage Nutrients, and Metabolic Responses of Horses Grazing Warm- and Cool-Season Grass Pastures. Animals (Basel) 2023 Feb 22;13(5).
    doi: 10.3390/ani13050790pubmed: 36899650google scholar: lookup
  2. Weinert-Nelson JR, Biddle AS, Williams CA. Fecal microbiome of horses transitioning between warm-season and cool-season grass pasture within integrated rotational grazing systems. Anim Microbiome 2022 Jun 21;4(1):41.
    doi: 10.1186/s42523-022-00192-xpubmed: 35729677google scholar: lookup
  3. Weinert-Nelson JR, Meyer WA, Williams CA. Crabgrass as an equine pasture forage: impact of establishment method on yield, nutrient composition, and horse preference. Transl Anim Sci 2022 Apr;6(2):txac050.
    doi: 10.1093/tas/txac050pubmed: 35663614google scholar: lookup
Subscribe to our newsletter
Join 99,658 horse owners like you who receive our email updates on horse health and nutrition.