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Parasitology research2021; 120(12); 4199-4218; doi: 10.1007/s00436-021-07325-2

Zoonotic giardiasis: an update.

Abstract: Giardia duodenalis is a common intestinal parasite in various hosts, with the disease giardiasis being a zoonosis. The use of molecular typing tools has improved our understanding of the distribution and zoonotic potential of G. duodenalis genotypes in different animals. The present review summarizes recent data on the distribution of G. duodenalis genotypes in humans and animals in different areas. The dominance of G. duodenalis assemblages A and B in humans and common occurrence of host-adapted assemblages in most domesticated animals suggests that zoonotic giardiasis is probably less common than believed and could be attributed mainly to contact with or contamination from just a few species of animals such as nonhuman primates, equines, rabbits, guinea pigs, chinchillas, and beavers. Future studies should be directed to advanced genetic characterization of isolates from well-designed epidemiological investigations, especially comparative analyses of isolates from humans and animals living in the same household or community. This will likely lead to better understanding of zoonotic transmission of G. duodenalis in different environmental and socioeconomic settings.
© 2021. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.
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Publication Date: 2021-10-08 PubMed ID: 34623485PubMed Central: 5778629DOI: 10.1007/s00436-021-07325-2Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The study updates knowledge on giardiasis, a disease caused by the intestinal parasite Giardia duodenalis, focusing on how the disease spreads from animals to humans. The researchers suggest that transmission to humans may be less prevalent than previously believed and could stem largely from specific animal species.

Understanding Giardiasis and Zoonosis

  • Giardia duodenalis is a common intestinal parasite that infects a variety of hosts, causing the disease known as giardiasis.
  • This disease can be a zoonosis, meaning it can be transmitted from animals to humans. This makes understanding the distribution and transmission patterns of G. duodenalis essential for humans.

Molecular Typing Tools for Giardia Duodenalis

  • The authors highlight the importance of molecular typing tools in understanding this disease.
  • These molecular tools have improved our knowledge of G. duodenalis genotypes in different animals, providing essential information on the distribution and potential for zoonotic transmission.

Distribution of Giardia Duodenalis Genotypes

  • This study focuses on recent data regarding the distribution of different G. duodenalis genotypes across humans and animals in various areas.
  • It specifically notes the dominance of genotypes (known as ‘assemblages’) A and B in humans and the prevalence of host-adapted assemblages in most domesticated animals.

Zoonotic Giardiasis: Less Common Than Believed?

  • The researchers propose that zoonotic giardiasis might be less common than previously thought.
  • They suggest that the disease could be primarily contracted through contact with or contamination from a few specific animal species, such as non-human primates, horses, rabbits, guinea pigs, chinchillas, and beavers.

Recommendations for Future Studies

  • The authors recommend that future research should focus on the advanced genetic characterization of isolates from well-designed epidemiological investigations.
  • They believe comparative analyses of isolates from humans and animals living in the same household or community would be particularly beneficial.
  • Their hope is that this will provide a better understanding of G. duodenalis transmission in varying environmental and socioeconomic settings.

Cite This Article

APA
Cai W, Ryan U, Xiao L, Feng Y. (2021). Zoonotic giardiasis: an update. Parasitol Res, 120(12), 4199-4218. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-021-07325-2

Publication

Parasitology research
ISSN: 1432-1955
NlmUniqueID: 8703571
Country: Germany
Language: English
Volume: 120
Issue: 12
Pages: 4199-4218

Researcher Affiliations

Cai, Weilong
  • Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
Ryan, Una
  • Vector- and Water-Borne Pathogen Research Group, Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, 6150, Australia.
Xiao, Lihua
  • Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China. lxiao1961@gmail.com.
  • Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China. lxiao1961@gmail.com.
Feng, Yaoyu
  • Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China. yyfeng@scau.edu.cn.
  • Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China. yyfeng@scau.edu.cn.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Feces
  • Genotype
  • Giardia lamblia / genetics
  • Giardiasis / epidemiology
  • Giardiasis / veterinary
  • Guinea Pigs
  • Horses
  • Molecular Typing
  • Rabbits
  • Zoonoses / epidemiology

Grant Funding

  • 2020B0301030007 / Guangdong Major Project of Basic and Applied Basic Research
  • D20008 / Higher Education Discipline Innovation Project
  • 2019KCXTD001 / Innovation Team Project of Guangdong University

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