Horse Health

Fat pads, also known as regional adiposity, have become an increasingly common problem in horses today. They can be described as areas of fatty tissue that develops in certain anatomical locations on the horse’s body. Two common places for fat...

Ionophores are compounds commonly used as additives in feeds for cattle, poultry, and other commercially raised animals. While these compounds are beneficial for certain animals, horses metabolize ionophores differently, making them susceptible to negative effects if exposed to toxic doses....

All horses enjoy occasional tasty treats and offering them can strengthen your bond with your equine companion. Giving treats to horses is an important component of training, enrichment, showing affection, and even administering medications for many owners. However, not all...

Swollen jaws are a common concern in equine medicine; they can be a symptom of several underlying health issues and conditions that range from mild to potentially life-threatening. Jaw swelling in horses can be caused by a number of underlying...

Sepsis is a severe and rapidly life-threatening condition that develops in response to an infection of the horse’s bloodstream, triggering a widespread inflammatory response that affects multiple organs. Any infection has the potential to cause sepsis if left untreated. Signs...

Internal entrapments in horses involve the trapping of a segment of the small intestine within other structures in the abdomen. This can lead to serious complications, including blockage of food, gas, and fluids, and in severe cases, disruption of blood...

The horse’s skeletal system is made up of more than 200 bones that all connect with the help of connective tissue—tendons, ligaments, and cartilage. In each location where two or more bones meet, this is known as a joint. Joints...

English performance riding has roots in European equestrian traditions linked to military horsemanship and hunting on horseback. These traditions relied on the horse’s agility, disposition and responsiveness – the traits at the heart of modern English equestrian sport disciplines. From...

Equine physiotherapy is a specialized profession within the field of veterinary medicine that focuses on the rehabilitation, recovery, restoration of correct movement and function, and overall physical well-being of horses. Physiotherapy combines elements of body work, stretching, specific exercise protocols,...

Displacement colics are a serious concern for horses, involving the abnormal positioning of the intestines within the hindgut. These conditions, including right dorsal displacement, left dorsal displacement, and large colon volvulus, can lead to blockages that disrupt the normal flow...

Enteritis is a serious condition in horses, characterized by inflammation of the intestinal tract, which can disrupt the digestive system and lead to symptoms such as diarrhea, colic, and weight loss. This condition can affect horses of all ages, though...

Migrating grass awns, commonly referred to as foxtails, pose a significant health risk to horses. These sharp, barbed seeds can become embedded in a horse's ear, mouth, nose, or skin. Once they have entered the animal's tissue, they can migrate...

The liver is the largest organ in the horse's body, making up one percent of its total body weight. Hepatitis refers to inflammation of the liver and is a non-specific term used to describe liver disease. The liver is a...

Purpura hemorrhagica (PH) is a severe immune-mediated condition in horses characterized by widespread inflammation of blood vessels, known as vasculitis. This condition often develops as a secondary complication of infections, particularly those caused by Streptococcus equi, the bacterium responsible for...

Stallions are male horses that have not been castrated and thus have high levels of testosterone. This hormone can drive behaviors such as aggression, dominance, and a strong mating instinct. Testosterone, produced primarily in the testicles, plays a crucial role...

Horse coat colors are highly diverse and carry historical, cultural, and even functional significance within many horse breeds. The colors and patterns that mark these breeds result from a complex interaction of several genes that geneticists have studied for centuries....

Unlike the explosive speed of racehorses or the poised collection of hunter-jumpers, the endurance horse has a more specialized skillset. Endurances horses – and riders – work hard to go the distance. Riding in the range of 80 or more...

Itching, or pruritus, is a common issue that affects all horses, with various potential causes ranging from insect bites and parasite infestations to bacterial and fungal infections, as well as allergic reactions. Horses typically exhibit signs of itchiness by biting,...

Small intestine volvulus is a serious condition in horses, characterized by a twisting of the intestine around itself and the root of the mesentery. This twist can cause a blockage, restricting blood flow and leading to severe damage to the...

Warts in horses, also known as equine papillomatosis, are small, benign growths caused by equine papillomaviruses (EPVs). These growths primarily affect young horses under the age of three, as their developing immune systems are more susceptible to the virus. EPVs...

Quidding is a term used to describe a horse dropping food from its mouth while eating. This can be a sign of dental problems as well as a number of other conditions. Regular dental care is of utmost importance to...

Ticks are small, blood-feeding arachnids with specialized mouthparts that allow them to attach to a variety of hosts, including humans, birds, reptiles, and mammals like horses. After attaching to a host, ticks use their mouthparts to feed on the host’s...

Horses, as prey animals with considerable size and weight, have evolved to minimize the need for lying down, a position that increases their vulnerability to predators and hinders quick escapes. Despite these adaptations, horses do spend a portion of the...

Defecation is crucial for maintaining a horse's digestive health and overall well-being. Regular bowel movements help to ensure that the digestive system is functioning properly, allowing waste to be efficiently expelled from the body. This is vital for preventing issues...

Equine sedation is a critical aspect of veterinary care, playing a vital role in ensuring the safety and well-being of both horses and handlers during various medical procedures. Horses are a large, powerful animal with a strong flight response, which...

Anesthesia refers to the loss of sensation and consciousness from administration of anesthetic medications. Anesthesia is a critical aspect of veterinary medicine, as it allows for life-saving or career-saving surgeries and diagnostic procedures that would otherwise be impossible to perform...

The protein lumps and bumps that are found on the neck and back of the horse are often eosinophilic granulomas. These are small, benign nodules that can develop under a horse's skin. They may occur as single bumps or develop...

The horse's brain is responsible for managing and regulating all bodily functions and behaviours. The cerebellum, located at the back of the brain beneath the occipital lobes, plays a vital role in coordinating and fine-tuning motor movements. Equine Cerebellar Abiotrophy...

Inguinal hernias, also known as scrotal hernias, are a condition where a horse's intestine slips through the inguinal canal and settles in the vaginal tunic. Inguinal rupture is where a horse’s intestine slips through a tear in the vaginal ring...

Horses produce 1 to 2.5 gallons of sweat per hour, amounting to up to 60 gallons daily. Sweat, produced by over 800 sweat glands per cm² of skin, contains water, electrolytes (sodium, chloride, potassium, calcium, magnesium), and proteins like latherin,...