Carbon dioxide therapy for horses, also known as transcutaneous carbon dioxide (CO₂) therapy, is an emerging, non-invasive treatment currently under study as an adjunct therapy to veterinary wound care. The therapy exposes affected tissues to medical-grade carbon dioxide gas to...
Muscle soreness in horses commonly develops after strenuous or unfamiliar exercise. Affected horses may feel stiff, take shorter strides, or seem less willing to perform as their muscles recover from the increased workload. Mild exercise-related soreness is usually temporary and...
Clostridial myositis is a rare but life-threatening bacterial infection that causes rapid damage to a horse's muscle tissue. Also known as clostridial myonecrosis, the condition is sometimes called gas gangrene because some infections produce gas within the affected tissues. The...
Rifampin for horses is a prescription antibiotic used primarily in the treatment of *Rhodococcus equi* pneumonia in foals. Because no rifampin product is labeled specifically for horses, it is prescribed extra-label under veterinary supervision and is commonly paired with a...
Guaifenesin for horses is used primarily as an intravenous muscle relaxant during anesthesia, although it is also included as an expectorant in some products used to manage respiratory symptoms. These distinct applications involve different formulations, doses, and levels of veterinary...
Equine coital exanthema in horses is an EHV-3 infection with an important practical consequence: a mare or stallion may appear healthy yet still need to be withdrawn from breeding. Even a mild case can cause significant discomfort and disrupt breeding...
Safety vests for horseback riding are designed to help reduce the severity of certain injuries during falls, collisions, and crushing accidents. Even experienced riders on well-trained horses can encounter unpredictable situations that place considerable force on the body. While helmets...
Equine health certificates are often required when horses travel for competition, sale, breeding, relocation, or international export. Issued after a veterinary examination, these official documents confirm that a horse met applicable movement requirements and showed no clinical signs of contagious...
Blood glucose and insulin testing for horses helps veterinarians identify insulin dysregulation and assess a horse's risk of endocrinopathic laminitis. Because affected horses may have few outward signs and normal blood glucose, test results require careful interpretation. For horse owners,...
Types of horses can be classified according to ancestry, size, physical build, movement, and intended use. Each framework describes a different aspect of the animal, so an individual horse can belong to several categories at once. A horse may be...
Protective equipment for horse riders can help reduce the severity of injuries when accidents occur, but horseback riding and horse handling always carry some risk. Even experienced riders working with well-trained horses can encounter falls, kicks, collisions, or crushing injuries....
Equine complex vertebral malformation (ECVM) is a congenital abnormality of the lower cervical spine in horses that affects the shape of the sixth and sometimes seventh cervical vertebrae. Interest in ECVM has grown in equine veterinary medicine as researchers investigate...
Reiki is a practice some horse owners use to support relaxation and overall well-being in their horses. During a session, a practitioner places their hands lightly on or near the horse while maintaining a calm, quiet presence. Owners may incorporate...
Enrofloxacin is a broad-spectrum antibiotic used off-label to manage selected bacterial infections in horses. In equine medicine, enrofloxacin is generally reserved for infections that are unlikely to respond to more commonly used antibiotics. Bacterial culture and susceptibility testing can help...
Doxycycline for horses is an oral antibiotic that veterinarians may prescribe for certain bacterial infections, including some tick-borne, respiratory, reproductive, and eye infections. Its use is off-label in horses and requires veterinary oversight. Although doxycycline can be useful in selected...
Ceftiofur is an antibiotic used to treat certain bacterial infections in horses under veterinary supervision. In the United States, its approved equine use is for lower respiratory infections caused by certain strains of Streptococcus zooepidemicus. Several injectable formulations are available,...
Equine osteopathy is a hands-on manual therapy used to support mobility, comfort, and whole-body function in horses. Rooted in anatomy, biomechanics, and the relationship between structure and function, osteopathy focuses on identifying restrictions or imbalances that may affect how a...
Starting horses under saddle is a gradual training process that can influence a young horse's confidence, soundness, and future performance throughout their riding career. Once called "breaking" a horse, the language around this stage has shifted to better reflect the...
Phenobarbital is a prescription anticonvulsant medication used to help control recurrent or severe seizures in horses. It may be administered intravenously when longer-lasting seizure control is needed or given orally as maintenance therapy to reduce the frequency and severity of...
Fluticasone for horses is an inhaled corticosteroid medication used under veterinary guidance to help manage chronic airway inflammation associated with equine asthma. Unlike systemic corticosteroids given by mouth or injection, inhaled fluticasone is designed to act locally in the lower...
Acepromazine is one of the most commonly used sedatives in equine veterinary medicine. It is valued for its ability to reduce anxiety and make horses easier and safer to handle during veterinary procedures, farrier care, transportation, and other potentially stressful...
Local anesthetics are among the most commonly used medications in equine veterinary medicine. These drugs temporarily block nerve conduction, preventing pain signals from traveling from a specific area of the body to the brain. By providing targeted pain relief without...
Penicillin G, also called benzylpenicillin, for horses is a prescription antibiotic used under veterinary direction for selected bacterial infections. It has long been used in equine practice, but its value depends on choosing the right formulation, route, and treatment plan...
Gentamicin for horses is a prescription antibiotic used to help manage certain bacterial infections, particularly those involving gram-negative bacteria. Gentamicin is an important treatment option in cases of serious equine infections, and must be used carefully. The correct route, dose,...
Meloxicam is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) used under veterinary direction to help manage pain and inflammation in horses. Horse owners may encounter meloxicam as part of a treatment plan for musculoskeletal discomfort, post-surgical pain, or other situations where controlling...
A foal not nursing is a serious concern for any owner or caretaker involved in horse breeding. Newborn foals rely on frequent milk intake for hydration, energy, immune support, and early growth. During the first weeks of life, healthy foals...
Horse teeth are specialized structures adapted for continuous grazing and the breakdown of fibrous forage. Unlike human teeth, equine teeth have long reserve crowns that extend deep into the jaw and gradually erupt throughout much of the horse’s life to...
Jaundice in horses is a yellow discoloration of the eyes, gums, or skin that develops when bilirubin builds up in the body. Bilirubin is a pigment produced during the normal breakdown of red blood cells, and it is typically processed...
Levothyroxine for horses is a synthetic thyroid hormone. While this drug is approved for veterinary management of hypothyroidism, advances in equine medicine have demonstrated this condition is rare in horses. Today, levothyroxine is most commonly discussed in horses for its...
Lidocaine is best known as a local anesthetic used to numb tissues during medical procedures, but this versatile drug has applications beyond local pain control. In equine medicine, lidocaine is administered intravenously as a systemic therapy to manage pain, reduce...
| Research Publications | Cited By |
|---|---|
| A 13-year retrospective study of equine abortions in Canada.
The Canadian Veterinary Journal 63 (7), 715, 2022. | 8 |
| Detection of Chlamydia abortus in aborted chorioallantoises of horses from Western Canada.
Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation, 10406387231171844, 2023. | 1 |
| Bilateral second pharyngeal cleft cysts in 2 calves on the same farm.
The Canadian Veterinary Journal 63 (3), 292, 2022. | 1 |
| A retrospective study of equine perinatal loss in Canada (2007 to 2020)..
The Canadian Veterinary Journal= La Revue Veterinaire Canadienne 64 (10 …, 2023. |
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