Nutritional myodegeneration (NMD), more commonly known as white muscle disease, is a disorder that affects various animals, including horses. In equids, the condition primarily occurs in newborn foals, although adult horses can also develop it. The condition results in degeneration in the skeletal and cardiac muscle most often due to inadequate levels of selenium in the body. It also occurs less commonly in horses that are deficient in vitamin E. Selenium and vitamin E are important antioxidant nutrients for horses. Antioxidants are molecules that neutralize free radicals, which are unstable molecules that can damage cells. Common signs of white muscle disease include weakness, poor coordination, and difficulty standing, eating, and nursing. Due to a loss of muscle function, respiration can be impaired, and respiratory failure may occur in foals.

Equine pneumonia is a common respiratory illness that can be life-threatening in young horses. It can affect different parts of the horse’s lungs and may cause varied symptoms. Pneumonia refers to an infection in the lungs in which tissues become inflamed, and the air sacs fill with fluid or pus. Horses affected by pneumonia can experience cough, fever, weakness and difficulty breathing. Pneumonia can affect horses of all ages, but it is most prevalent in 2 and 3-year-old horses. It is also the most common cause of illness and death in foals between 1-6 months of age.

Equine Infectious Anemia (EIA) is an infectious disease that affects horses and other equids, such as donkeys and mules. The disease is caused by an RNA virus transmitted by blood-sucking insects. Many affected horses show no clinical signs and are asymptomatic carriers of the disease. However, stress or illness can cause signs to become apparent. Horses that test positive for the virus must be isolated from other horses to prevent the spread of the disease. Horses infected with the EIA virus carry it for life and remain contagious.

Developmental orthopedic diseases (DODs) refer to a range of non-infectious conditions that affect the musculoskeletal system of growing horses. These conditions arise from an interruption in the normal development of cartilage, bone, or soft tissue (joint capsule, tendon, or ligament). Genetics, growth rate, nutrition, and exercise conditions can influence the onset of DODs in growing foals. While some developmental issues are apparent at birth, others occur later as the horse grows. Conditions such as osteochondrosis and physitis can affect any breed of horses and are a common cause of pain and lameness.

Neonatal maladjustment syndrome (NMS) - also referred to as dummy foal syndrome - is a condition that causes neurological symptoms in foals. This condition prevents the foal from performing normal behaviours, such as recognizing and feeding from the mare, standing and walking. Affected foals may appear lethargic, depressed, or display more serious clinical signs. NMS can be caused by oxygen and nutrient deprivation in the foal before birth. It may also be caused by a failure of placental hormones to drop following birth.

Equine sinusitis is the most common disease affecting the paranasal sinuses in horses. Sinusitis is an inflammatory condition that often involves excessive nasal discharge. Horses with sinus diseases can also experience swelling in the face or reduced appetite. The causes of sinusitis vary but can include dental disease or bacterial infection of the upper respiratory tract. Treatment for this condition often presents a challenge to veterinarians because of the large size of the horse's sinus structures, their complex anatomy, difficulties accessing the area, and the advanced state of the disease before a diagnosis is made.

Foal heat diarrhea is a condition involving transient diarrhea in young foals, lasting for a few days up to two weeks. Foals with heat diarrhea do not have any systemic illness. While it is not known exactly what causes foal heat diarrhea, researchers believe this condition may occur because the flora of the foal's gastrointestinal tract is developing.

Strangles, also known as equine distemper, is a highly contagious disease caused by the bacteria Streptococcus equi. Young horses are most susceptible to developing strangles disease. This condition most commonly occurs in horses under the age of two. The name "strangles" comes from the common sign of dysphagia or trouble swallowing that some horses experience, caused by enlarged lymph nodes.

Equine Coronavirus (ECoV) is a highly contagious illness transmitted between horses that can cause fever, anorexia, diarrhea, and colic. Most horses recover from equine coronavirus with supportive care. In serious cases, affected horses may require specific treatments such as electrolytes, fluid administration, and anti-inflammatory and antibiotic medications. Death from the illness is uncommon and believed to be secondary to complications associated with gastrointestinal barrier disruption. There is no vaccine for equine coronavirus. Proper biosecurity practices at your barn can significantly reduce the risk of horses contracting the illness. Strategies to prevent the transmission of coronavirus in horses include quarantining sick horses, practicing good hygiene in equine facilities, and monitoring horses for signs of illness.

Thumps in horses is a condition that produces irregular contractions of the diaphragm, resulting in a thumping noise similar to a human hiccup. Scientifically referred to as Synchronous Diaphragmatic Flutter (SDF), thumps causes the diaphragm to spasm in the same rhythm as the heartbeat.