Diphenhydramine is an antihistamine commonly used in horses to manage allergic reactions, including hives, insect bite hypersensitivity, and other inflammatory skin conditions. While it is widely recognized under brand names like Benadryl®, its use in equine care is typically off-label...
Ketamine is a widely used medication in equine veterinary medicine, best known for its role as a fast-acting anesthetic. It is commonly administered during surgical procedures, diagnostic imaging, and emergency interventions, where it helps induce and maintain anesthesia while preserving...
Trimethoprim sulfadiazine, brand name Equisul-SDT®, is a combination antibiotic widely used in equine medicine for the treatment of bacterial infections. This medication combines two antimicrobial drugs that work together to stop bacteria from growing and multiplying, making it effective against...
Bio-Sponge®, or di-tri-octahedral smectite (DTO smectite) is a naturally occurring clay mineral used in equine medicine to support gastrointestinal health. Smectite's properties allow it to bind water, toxins, bacteria, and other potentially harmful substances within the gastrointestinal tract. In equine...
The Eriskay Pony is a rare native pony breed from the Outer Hebrides of Scotland. Shaped by generations of life in a rugged island environment, these ponies are admired for their strength, soundness, and kind disposition. Historically, they were essential working...
Autoimmune disease in horses occurs when the immune system mistakenly attacks the body's own tissues instead of protecting against infection. Rather than targeting bacteria, viruses, or parasites, the immune response becomes misdirected, leading to inflammation and tissue damage. Although autoimmune...
Cisapride is a prokinetic medication used in horses to stimulate movement in the gastrointestinal tract, helping restore normal gut motility when digestion slows or stops. It is most commonly used in cases of postoperative ileus, severe gastrointestinal hypomotility, or other...
Methocarbamol is a centrally acting muscle relaxant commonly used in horses to treat skeletal muscle spasms. These spasms can occur during conditions that cause muscle inflammation or injury and are often associated with disorders such as exertional rhabdomyolysis, commonly known...
Dantrolene is a skeletal muscle relaxant used in horses to manage conditions involving excessive skeletal muscle contraction or muscle damage, most notably exertional rhabdomyolysis (tying-up). Exertional rhabdomyolysis occurs when muscle cells become damaged during or after exercise, leading to pain,...
Standing sedation and general anesthesia are two primary methods veterinarians use to immobilize horses for medical and surgical procedures. From routine dental care to complex colic surgery, selecting the appropriate anesthetic approach is a critical part of equine medicine due...
Nasopharyngeal sampling is a commonly performed diagnostic procedure in equine practice, used to identify infectious agents affecting the upper respiratory tract. It involves inserting a deep nasal swab into the nasopharynx to collect samples for testing for viral or bacterial...
Quinidine is an antiarrhythmic medication used in horses for the treatment of atrial fibrillation (AF), the most common type of cardiac arrhythmia that warrants medical intervention. Atrial fibrillation occurs when the upper chambers of the heart (the atria) beat in...
Bacterial infections are a common cause of illness in horses and can affect nearly every body system, from the skin and respiratory tract to the gastrointestinal tract, urinary system, and joints. These infections may develop after wounds or surgical procedures,...
Rhinopneumonitis in horses, commonly called "rhino," is a contagious respiratory disease caused by equine herpesviruses (EHV-1 and EHV-4). These viruses are widespread in horse populations worldwide, and most horses are exposed at some point in their lives. While many cases...
Twitching is an equine restraint technique that is sometimes used during veterinary and husbandry procedures. Most often applied to the upper lip, a twitch is designed to limit movement and improve safety when a horse reacts to brief discomfort or...
The equine respiratory system plays a critical role in athletic performance and overall health, and even subtle abnormalities can significantly impact a horse’s comfort, stamina, and ability to perform. Because many respiratory problems are located deep within the nasal passages,...
Effective parasite control is a cornerstone of equine health management. While routine deworming once served as the mainstay of parasite prevention, increasing evidence of anthelmintic resistance has shifted the focus toward diagnostic testing and targeted treatment. Diagnostic tests provide valuable...
The Florida Cracker Horse is a rare and historically significant horse breed known for its deep roots in American heritage. Developed from Spanish horses brought to Florida in the 16th century, this breed played a vital role in the cattle...
Nasogastric intubation is one of the most fundamental and frequently performed procedures in equine practice. It serves both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes and is a critical component of evaluating horses with gastrointestinal disease, particularly those presenting with signs of colic....
The Palomino horse is one of the most recognizable and widely admired coat colors in the equine world. With a striking golden body and light mane and tail, this equine color has long symbolized beauty, nobility, and prestige. However, unlike...
The Azteca horse is a striking blend of grace, power, and versatility. Known as the National Horse of Mexico or national horse of Mexico, it combines the proud Iberian heritage of the Andalusian with the rugged utility of the Quarter...
The American Cream Draft Horse is a distinct draft breed known for their striking champagne coat, gentle temperament, and deep roots in American agricultural history. As one of only a few draft horse breeds developed in the United States, the...
Wild or feral horses spend most of their day grazing on a variety of grasses, shrubs, and other natural forage, carefully selecting plants to meet their nutritional needs. In contrast, domestic horses are often provided with concentrated feeds, hay, and...
Abdominal ultrasound is a valuable, non-invasive diagnostic tool that allows veterinarians to visualize the organs and soft tissues within a horse’s abdomen. Using high-frequency sound waves, the technique produces real-time images that can reveal both normal anatomy and subtle abnormalities....
Allergies are a common yet often misunderstood source of skin and respiratory problems in horses. Many owners recognize issues such as colic or lameness, while allergic reactions receive less attention despite causing significant disruption when symptoms become chronic, recurring, or...
Adopting a wild horse requires forethought, long-term commitment, and respect for horses' nautral instincts. For experienced equestrians looking for a unique partnership, adopting a wild horse offers the chance to participate in the preservation of an iconic species and engage...
Rectal examination remains one of the most valuable and informative diagnostic tools available to equine practitioners when evaluating gastrointestinal conditions. In cases of colic, it is often the single most informative procedure for identifying the underlying cause, determining the severity...
Joint disease and injury are common causes of lameness and poor performance in horses, particularly in athletic or young growing animals. Conditions such as osteochondritis dissecans (OCD), synovitis, and traumatic fractures of joint surfaces can significantly affect a horse’s comfort,...
Turnout is one of the most important parts of your horse's daily routine. Despite this, many facilities struggle to provide horses with adequate turnout during the winter, when conditions may be icy, muddy, or frozen. This can lead to increased...
Bahiagrass is a warm-season perennial grass commonly used for horse pastures. First identified in the 1800s and introduced to Florida in 1913, it has since spread throughout the southern U.S. The grass thrives in sandy, low-fertility soils and is well-suited...
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