Boarded horses rely on barn staff, shared facilities, and set management routines to stay safe and healthy. Cold temperatures, icy footing, limited turnout, and changes in forage and water availability can all influence a horse's comfort, health, and behavior during...
Neurologic disease in horses often presents a diagnostic challenge, as clinical signs can be vague or difficult to narrow down to one disease. A valuable tool available to veterinarians handling neurologic cases is cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis. By providing a...
Fungal diseases in horses represent a diverse group of conditions that can affect the skin, respiratory tract, eyes, and internal organs. While less common than bacterial or viral infections, fungal infections are often more insidious and challenging to diagnose. Because...
Abdominal disease is a common and sometimes life-threatening problem in horses, with colic being one of the most frequent emergencies encountered in equine practice. One valuable tool in the diagnostic process for colic cases is abdominocentesis, also known as a...
The equine heart is a remarkable organ, designed to support athletic performance, endurance, and overall health. However, like any system, it can be affected by disease or structural abnormalities that compromise its function. Detecting heart problems in horses can be...
An ophthalmic examination involves more than simply looking at the surface of the eye. A complete assessment evaluates the cornea, lens, anterior and posterior chambers, tear production, ocular pressure, and reflexes. Special diagnostic tools, such as fluorescein dye, Schirmer tear...
In December of 2024, a diet evaluation was requested for a 12-year-old Morgan mare named Kelta. She weighed approximately 800 lbs (363 kg) and was located in Alaska, USA. Initial reported concerns included topline loss, metabolic health, and weight issues....
Viral infections are among the most common health challenges faced by horses, ranging from mild, self-limiting illnesses to severe, life-threatening diseases that spread rapidly through equine populations. Because many different viruses can affect horses, recognizing and correctly diagnosing these infections...
In July of 2022, a diet evaluation was requested for a 16-year old, slightly underweight Thoroughbred mare named Epona. She weighed approximately 1000 lbs (454 kg) and was located in Arkansas, USA. Initial reported concerns included weight issues and topline...
Electrocardiography (ECG) is one of the most important tools veterinarians use to evaluate equine heart health. While stethoscopes remain invaluable for identifying murmurs and abnormal rhythms during a physical exam, an ECG provides a more precise and objective way to...
The nervous system plays a vital role in every aspect of a horse's health and performance, from balance and coordination to sensory perception and behavior. When this system is interrupted, the signs can be subtle or dramatic, and distinguishing neurologic...
Urinalysis is a simple yet powerful diagnostic tool that can provide valuable insights into a horse’s overall health. By examining the appearance and composition of urine, veterinarians can assess kidney function, hydration status, and the presence of certain toxins. Although...
Necropsy, also known as an autopsy or post-mortem examination, is a vital diagnostic tool in equine veterinary medicine. When a horse dies unexpectedly or under unclear circumstances, performing a necropsy can provide critical insights into the cause of death. Necropsy...
Radiographs, commonly known as X-rays, are one of the most valuable diagnostic tools in equine veterinary medicine. They allow veterinarians to examine the internal structures of the horse—primarily bones and joints—without the need for surgery or invasive procedures. Whether evaluating...
Gastroscopy is a valuable diagnostic tool that allows veterinarians to directly visualize the inside of a horse's upper digestive tract. This minimally invasive procedure uses a specialized flexible camera, called a gastroscope, to identify abnormalities that cannot be detected through...
Autologous Protein Solution (APS) is a biologic therapy that has emerged as an innovative treatment for managing joint and soft tissue injuries in horses. This biologic therapy uses the horse's own blood to create a concentrated solution of anti-inflammatory proteins...
Bromegrasses, including Smooth and Meadow Bromegrass, are cool-season perennials widely used for equine forage in North America. Valued for their drought tolerance, adaptability to soil types, and consistent nutritional profile, these grasses are a reliable option for many equine diets....
Timothy hay offers moderate energy and protein content, making it suitable for a wide range of horses. Depending on Timothy’s growing and harvesting conditions, it can be produced at varying nutritional levels to suit different horse’s needs- from growing and...
Hill work is a powerful training and conditioning tool that offers numerous benefits for horses across all disciplines. Whether performed in-hand, under saddle, or with the support of equipment like treadmills, working on inclines engages the horse’s musculoskeletal system in...
Ryegrass is a widely used forage for horses, most commonly provided in its annual and perennial forms. These grasses are known for their high yields and strong nutritional profiles, making them suitable for many types of horses. Although ryegrass can...
Horses, mules, and donkeys are three distinct equine species that share similarities but have unique characteristics, temperaments, and roles in human history. Whether you’re a horse owner, equestrian enthusiast, or just curious about these incredible animals, understanding their differences can...
Blood work is one of the most valuable diagnostic tools available in equine veterinary medicine. Whether used to assess general health, diagnose illness, monitor chronic conditions, or evaluate performance issues, a simple blood test can reveal a wealth of information...
One of the most informative and widely used diagnostic procedures for evaluating the lower respiratory tract in horses is bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). This is a minimally invasive technique that allows veterinarians to sample cellular components from deep lung tissue. By...
Treats play a meaningful role in strengthening the bond between caregivers and their horses, offering a way to reinforce trust and encourage positive behavior. They can also serve as an effective tool in equine training, as using treats in training...
The Gelderlander, or Gelder Horse, is a distinctive and elegant warmblood breed developed in the Gelderland province of the Netherlands. Known for their flashy movement, uphill conformation, and willing temperament, this versatile horse was initially bred for both light agricultural...
The German Riding Pony, also known as the Deutsche Reitpony, is a pony breed with conformation and movement that resembles a small warmblood horse. These ponies originated in Germany but do not descend directly from German warmbloods, despite their similarities...
Equine inhalers are specialized devices used to deliver medication directly into a horse's lungs to help manage respiratory conditions. These devices are similar in design and function to inhalers used by humans, but they have been adapted to suit the...
Breathing is an automatic function that often goes unnoticed, until something goes wrong. Dyspnea, the term for difficult or labored breathing, is a serious clinical sign in horses. It is not a diagnosis itself but a symptom of underlying problems...
It's not unusual to see a small amount of clear, watery discharge coming from your horse's nose—especially after exercise, during cold weather, or when they've been around dust or pollen. Mild discharge is part of the body's natural defense system,...
Managing horses at shows requires a deep understanding of how unfamiliar environments can impact their health and performance. Horses undergo both physiological and behavioral changes in these settings, and without proper care, they may experience stress, illness, or injury. By...
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