Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics.
Periodical
Pharmacology
Therapeutics
Veterinary Medicine
Drug Therapy
Publisher:
Blackwell Scientific Publications.
Frequency: Bimonthly
Country: England
Language: English
Author(s):
American College of Veterinary Pharmacology & Therapeutics., Association for Veterinary Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics., European Association for Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology.
Start Year:1978 -
ISSN:
0140-7783 (Print)
1365-2885 (Electronic)
0140-7783 (Linking)
1365-2885 (Electronic)
0140-7783 (Linking)
Impact Factor
1.3
2022
| NLM ID: | 7910920 |
| (DNLM): | J41230000(s) |
| (OCoLC): | 04580359 |
| Coden: | JVPTD9 |
| Classification: | W1 JO97Q |
Oxytetracycline hydrochloride in the horse: serum, synovial, peritoneal and urine concentrations after single dose intravenous administration.
Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics
March 1, 1981
Volume 4, Issue 1 7-10 doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2885.1981.tb00703.x
Brown MP, Stover SM, Kelly RH, Farver TB, Knight HD.Six adult mares were given a single intravenous injection of oxytetracycline HCl (50 mg/ml) at a dosage of 5 mg/kg. Serum, synovial fluid, peritoneal fluid, and urine oxytetracycline concentrations were measured serially over a 48-h period. The highest measured serum oxytetracycline concentration was 8.01 mcg/ml at 1/2 h. Oxytetracycline was detected in synovial fluid and peritoneal fluid, which obtained mean peak oxytetracycline concentrations of 4.43 mcg/ml and 4.20 mcg/ml, at 1/2 h and 1 h, respectively. These concentrations steadily declined in parallel with serum concentrations and were n... Cardiopulmonary effects of clenbuterol in the horse.
Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics
March 1, 1981
Volume 4, Issue 1 43-50 doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2885.1981.tb00709.x
Shapland JE, Garner HE, Hatfield DG.Clenbuterol, a bronchospasmolytic agent (beta 2 agonist) was studied in terms of its hemodynamic and airflow response in eight, healthy horses. Four animals were instrumented to record intrapleural pressure and air flow, these were used to compute pulmonary resistance, peak flow rates, and tidal volumes. Four animals were instrumented to record pulmonary arterial pressure, carotid arterial pressure, cardiac output, and arterial gas tensions. After control values were recorded, clenbuterol (0.8 microgram/kg) was intravenously administered to each horse in each experiment group. Following clenbu... The susceptibility of isolates of Corynebacterium equi to antimicrobial drugs.
Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics
March 1, 1981
Volume 4, Issue 1 27-31 doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2885.1981.tb00706.x
Prescott JF.Fifty-one isolates of Corynebacterium equi recovered from pigs and horses belonging to two capsular serotypes were tested for susceptibility to antimicrobial agents. No clear differences were detected in sensitivity between isolates of different sources or serotypes. All isolates were sensitive to less than 0.25 micrograms/ml of erythromycin and gentamicin. The following minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of antimicrobial agents were determined for greater than or equal to 90% of isolates: methicillin greater than 16 micrograms/ml, clindamycin 1-2 micrograms/ml, tobramycin less than or e... Ivermectin: a review of efficacy and safety.
Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics
March 1, 1984
Volume 7, Issue 1 1-16 doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2885.1984.tb00872.x
Campbell WC, Benz GW.No abstract available Read More
44
A comparison of the sedative effects of three alpha 2-adrenoceptor agonists (romifidine, detomidine and xylazine) in the horse.
Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics
June 1, 1992
Volume 15, Issue 2 194-201 doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2885.1992.tb01007.x
England GC, Clarke KW, Goossens L.The sedative effects of a new alpha 2-adrenoceptor agonist, romifidine, were compared with those of xylazine and detomidine. Five horses were treated with two doses of romifidine (40 micrograms/kg body weight and 80 micrograms/kg body weight), two doses of detomidine (10 micrograms/kg body weight and 20 micrograms/kg body weight) and one dose of xylazine (1 mg/kg body weight) given by intravenous injection using a Latin-square design. The dose of 80 micrograms/kg romifidine appeared equipotent to 1 mg/kg xylazine and 20 micrograms/kg detomidine, although at these doses both xylazine and detomi... Read More
30
Review of triazine antiprotozoal drugs used in veterinary medicine.
Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics
August 17, 2017
Volume 41, Issue 2 184-194 doi: 10.1111/jvp.12450
Stock ML, Elazab ST, Hsu WH.Triazines are relatively new antiprotozoal drugs that have successfully controlled coccidiosis and equine protozoal myeloencephalitis. These drugs have favorably treated other protozoal diseases such as neosporosis and toxoplasmosis. In this article, we discuss the pharmacological characteristics of five triazines, toltrazuril, ponazuril, clazuril, diclazuril, and nitromezuril which are used in veterinary medicine to control protozoal diseases which include coccidiosis, equine protozoal myeloencephalitis, neosporosis, and toxoplasmosis. Read More
25
The pharmacokinetics of xylazine hydrochloride: an interspecific study.
Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics
June 1, 1981
Volume 4, Issue 2 87-92 doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2885.1981.tb00715.x
Garcia-Villar R, Toutain PL, Alvinerie M, Ruckebusch Y.The pharmacokinetic disposition of xylazine hydrochloride is described after both intravenous and intramuscular injection of a single dose, in four domestic species: horse, cattle, sheep and dog, by an original high performance liquid chromatographic technique. Remarkably small interspecific differences are reported. After intravenous administration, systemic half-life (t1/2 beta) ranged between 22 min (sheep) and 50 min (horse) while the distribution phase is transient with half-life (t1/2 alpha) ranging from 1.2 min (cattle) to 5.9 min (horse). The peak level of drug concentration in the pla... Read More
20
Therapeutic efficacy of undenatured type-II collagen (UC-II) in comparison to glucosamine and chondroitin in arthritic horses.
Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics
May 7, 2010
Volume 32, Issue 6 577-584 doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2885.2009.01079.x
Gupta RC, Canerdy TD, Skaggs P, Stocker A, Zyrkowski G, Burke R, Wegford K, Goad JT, Rohde K, Barnett D, DeWees W, Bagchi M, Bagchi D.The present investigation evaluated arthritic pain in horses receiving daily placebo, undenatured type II collagen (UC-II) at 320, 480, or 640 mg (providing 80, 120, and 160 mg active UC-II, respectively), and glucosamine and chondroitin (5.4 and 1.8 g, respectively, bid for the first month, and thereafter once daily) for 150 days. Horses were evaluated for overall pain, pain upon limb manipulation, physical examination, and liver and kidney functions. Evaluation of overall pain was based upon a consistent observation of all subjects during a walk and a trot in the same pattern on the same sur... Read More
18
Pharmacokinetics and metabolism of orally administered firocoxib, a novel second generation coxib, in horses.
Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics
May 3, 2007
Volume 30, Issue 3 208-217 doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2885.2007.00840.x
Kvaternick V, Pollmeier M, Fischer J, Hanson PD.The primary objective of this study was to determine the pharmacokinetic profile of firocoxib, a novel second generation coxib, in horses. Horses were administered either a single oral or intravenous dose of firocoxib at 0.1 mg/kg in a two-period crossover study with 12 animals. The dosage was based on previously determined pharmacodynamic parameters. Oral firocoxib was well absorbed with an average bioavailability (absolute) of 79% and a Cmax of 75 ng/mL at 3.9 h. The average elimination half-life was 30 h. Following intravenous administration the average Cmax was 210 ng/mL and the eliminatio... Read More
14
The effects of combinations of selected antibiotics on the growth of Corynebacterium equi.
Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics
March 1, 1984
Volume 7, Issue 1 61-64 doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2885.1984.tb00880.x
Prescott JF, Nicholson VM.The minimal inhibitory concentrations of penicillin G, ampicillin, gentamicin, erythromycin and rifampicin were determined for nine strains of Corynebacterium equi. The effect of combinations of any two of these antibiotics on the killing of these strains was determined at antibiotic concentrations achievable in horses using recommended drug dosages (ampicillin 4.0 microgram/ml, gentamicin 1.0 microgram/ml using recommended drug dosages (ampicillin 4.0 microgram/ml, gentamicin 1.0 microgram/ml and erythromycin 0.25 microgram/ml). Penicillin G was used at 4.0 microgram/ml and rifampicin at 0.06... Read More
14
Pharmacokinetic profile and behavioral effects of gabapentin in the horse.
Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics
September 16, 2010
Volume 33, Issue 5 485-494 doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2885.2010.01161.x
Terry RL, McDonnell SM, Van Eps AW, Soma LR, Liu Y, Uboh CE, Moate PJ, Driessen B.Gabapentin is being used in horses although its pharmacokinetic (PK) profile, pharmacodynamic (PD) effects and safety in the equine are not fully investigated. Therefore, we characterized PKs and cardiovascular and behavioral effects of gabapentin in horses. Gabapentin (20 mg/kg) was administered i.v. or p.o. to six horses using a randomized crossover design. Plasma gabapentin concentrations were measured in samples collected 0-48 h postadministration employing liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Blood pressures, ECG, and sedation scores were recorded before and for 12 h after gaba... Read More
13
Pharmacokinetics and antinociceptive effects of the soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibitor t-TUCB in horses with experimentally induced radiocarpal synovitis.
Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics
October 25, 2017
Volume 41, Issue 2 230-238 doi: 10.1111/jvp.12463
Guedes AGP, Aristizabal F, Sole A, Adedeji A, Brosnan R, Knych H, Yang J, Hwang SH, Morisseau C, Hammock BD.This study determined the pharmacokinetics, antinociceptive, and anti-inflammatory effects of the soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) inhibitor t-TUCB (trans-4-{4-[3-(4-Trifluoromethoxy-phenyl)-ureido]-cyclohexyloxy}-benzoic acid) in horses with lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced radiocarpal synovitis. A total of seven adult healthy mares (n = 4-6/treatment) were administered 3 μg LPS into one radiocarpal joint and t-TUCB intravenously (i.v.) at 0 (control), 0.03, 0.1, 0.3, and 1 mg/kg in a blinded, randomized, crossover design with at least 3 weeks washout between. Two investigators independe... Read More
13
Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of intravenous dexmedetomidine in the horse.
Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics
July 28, 2014
Volume 38, Issue 1 15-23 doi: 10.1111/jvp.12138
Rezende ML, Grimsrud KN, Stanley SD, Steffey EP, Mama KR.The aim of the study was to describe the pharmacokinetics and selected pharmacodynamics of intravenous dexmedetomidine in horses. Eight adult horses received 5 μg/kg dexmedetomidine IV. Blood samples were collected before and for 10 h after drug administration to determine dexmedetomidine plasma concentrations. Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated using noncompartmental analysis. Data from one outlier were excluded from the statistical summary. Behavioral and physiological responses were recorded before and for 6 h after dexmedetomidine administration. Dexmedetomidine concentrations dec... Read More
13
The pharmacokinetics of ivermectin after oral and subcutaneous administration to sheep and horses.
Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics
June 1, 1987
Volume 10, Issue 2 175-179 doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2885.1987.tb00097.x
Marriner SE, McKinnon I, Bogan JA.No abstract available Read More
12
Pharmacokinetics and selected pharmacodynamics of morphine and its active metabolites in horses after intravenous administration of four doses.
Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics
March 27, 2019
Volume 42, Issue 4 401-410 doi: 10.1111/jvp.12759
Hamamoto-Hardman BD, Steffey EP, Weiner D, McKemie DS, Kass P, Knych HK.The objective of the current study was to describe and characterize the pharmacokinetics and selected pharmacodynamic effects of morphine and its two major metabolites in horses following several doses of morphine. A total of ten horses were administered a single intravenous dose of morphine: 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, or 0.5 mg/kg, or saline control. Blood samples were collected up to 72 hr, analyzed for morphine, and metabolites by LC/MS/MS, and pharmacokinetic parameters were determined. Step count, heart rate and rhythm, gastrointestinal borborygmi, fecal output, packed cell volume, and total prote... Read More
12
Feasibility of the Ussing chamber technique for the determination of in vitro jejunal permeability of passively absorbed compounds in different animal species.
Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics
April 16, 2011
Volume 34, Issue 3 290-297 doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2885.2010.01218.x
Neirinckx E, Vervaet C, Michiels J, De Smet S, Van den Broeck W, Remon JP, De Backer P, Croubels S.The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility of the Ussing chamber technique for the determination of the jejunal permeability of passively absorbed, high permeability model compounds (acetaminophen and ketoprofen) in different animal species. Additionally, electrophysiological measurements and histological examination of pre- and post-incubation tissue specimens were performed. Apparent permeability coefficients of turkey and dog jejunum were low and highly variable due to tissue fragility caused by differences in thickness of the remaining intestinal layers after stripping and resulti... Read More
12
Pharmacokinetics of oral doxycycline and concentrations in body fluids and bronchoalveolar cells of foals.
Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics
May 3, 2007
Volume 30, Issue 3 187-193 doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2885.2007.00857.x
Womble A, Giguère S, Lee EA.The objective of this study was to determine the disposition of orally administered doxycycline in foals. Six healthy 4- to 8-week-old foals were used. Doxycycline was administered to each foal via the intragastric (IG) route at dosages of 10 and 20 mg/kg, in a cross-over design. After the first 10 mg/kg dose, five additional doses were administered at 12-h intervals. A microbiological assay was used to measure doxycycline activity in serum, urine, peritoneal fluid, synovial fluid, cerebrospinal (CSF), pulmonary epithelial lining fluid (PELF), and bronchoalveolar (BAL) cells. Following adminis... Read More
11
Plasma pharmacokinetics, pulmonary distribution, and in vitro activity of gamithromycin in foals.
Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics
March 28, 2011
Volume 35, Issue 1 59-66 doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2885.2011.01292.x
Berghaus LJ, Giguère S, Sturgill TL, Bade D, Malinski TJ, Huang R.The objectives of this study were to determine the plasma and pulmonary disposition of gamithromycin in foals and to investigate the in vitro activity of the drug against Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus (S. zooepidemicus) and Rhodococcus equi. A single dose of gamithromycin (6 mg/kg of body weight) was administered intramuscularly. Concentrations of gamithromycin in plasma, pulmonary epithelial lining fluid (PELF), bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cells, and blood neutrophils were determined using HPLC with tandem mass spectrometry detection. The minimum inhibitory concentration of gamithr... Read More
11
Oxidative monensin metabolism and cytochrome P450 3A content and functions in liver microsomes from horses, pigs, broiler chicks, cattle and rats.
Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics
March 21, 2002
Volume 24, Issue 6 399-403 doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2885.2001.00362.x
Nebbia C, Ceppa L, Dacasto M, Nachtmann C, Carletti M.The oxidative metabolism of monensin, an ionophore antibiotic extensively used in veterinary practice as a coccidiostat and a growth promoter, was studied in hepatic microsomal preparations from horses, pigs, broiler chicks, cattle and rats. As assayed by the measurement of the amount of the released formaldehyde, the rate of monensin O-demethylation was nearly of the same order of magnitude in all species, but total monensin metabolism, which was estimated by measuring the rate of substrate disappearance by a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method, was highest in cattle, interme... Read More
11
Antifungal agents of use in animal health–practical applications.
Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics
February 27, 2003
Volume 26, Issue 1 31-53 doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2885.2003.00457.x
Rochette F, Engelen M, Vanden Bossche H.The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of antifungal agents currently in use in veterinary medicine. The practical applications and the therapeutic regimens that have proved successful in the treatment and prevention of fungal infections in dogs and cats, cattle and sheep, horse, pig, poultry and other birds, rodents, rabbits and fur animals are summarized. Read More
10
Preliminary pharmacokinetics of morphine and its major metabolites following intravenous administration of four doses to horses.
Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics
January 31, 2014
Volume 37, Issue 4 374-381 doi: 10.1111/jvp.12098
Knych HK, Steffey EP, McKemie DS.The objective of the current study was to describe the pharmacokinetics of morphine and its metabolites following intravenous administration to the horse. A total of eight horses (two per dose group) received a single intravenous dose of 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, or 0.5 mg/kg morphine. Blood samples were collected up to 72 h postdrug administration, analyzed using LC-MS/MS and pharmacokinetic parameters determined. Behavior, step counts, and gastrointestinal activity were also assessed. The beta and gamma half-life for morphine ranged from 0.675 to 2.09 and 6.70 to 18.1 h, respectively, following admini... Read More
10
Ocular toxicity and distribution of subconjunctival and intravitreal rapamycin in horses.
Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics
November 13, 2008
Volume 31, Issue 6 511-516 doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2885.2008.00986.x
Douglas LC, Yi NY, Davis JL, Salmon JH, Gilger BC.In vitro photosensitivity of rapamycin (RAPA) and ocular toxicity and distribution of intravitreal and subconjunctival RAPA was evaluated in normal horses. RAPA (2.5 mg, 5 mg, and 10 mg) was placed in 10 mL of PBS and maintained in a water bath at 37 degrees C, kept in the dark or subjected to room light, and sampled for up to 3 months for RAPA levels. Six normal adult horses received either 5 mg (n = 2) or 10 mg (n = 2) of RAPA intravitreally or 10 mg (n = 2) subconjunctivally. Ophthalmic exams and electroretinography (ERG) were performed prior to injection and on days 1, 7, 14, and 21 post-i... Read More
10
Phenylbutazone in the horse: a review.
Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics
March 1, 1986
Volume 9, Issue 1 1-25 doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2885.1986.tb00008.x
Tobin T, Chay S, Kamerling S, Woods WE, Weckman TJ, Blake JW, Lees P.Phenylbutazone is an acidic, lipophilic, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). It is extensively metabolized in the horse. The metabolites so far identified, oxyphenbutazone, gamma-hydroxyoxyphenbutazone, account for some 25-30% of administered dose over 24 h. The plasma half-life of phenylbutazone and termination of its pharmacological action are determined primarily by its rate of hepatic metabolism. Phenylbutazone acts by inhibiting the cyclooxygenase enzyme system, which is responsible for synthesis of prostanoids such as PGE2. It appears to act on prostaglandin-H synthase and pros... Read More
10
Repeated administration of trimethoprim/sulfadiazine in the horse–pharmacokinetics, plasma protein binding and influence on the intestinal microflora.
Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics
April 22, 1999
Volume 22, Issue 1 20-26 doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2885.1999.00183.x
Gustafsson A, Båverud V, Franklin A, Gunnarsson A, Ogren G, Ingvast-Larsson C.Six healthy adult horses were given repeated administrations of trimethoprim/ sulfadiazine (TMP/SDZ) intravenously (i.v.) (2.5 mg/kg TMP and 12.5 mg/kg SDZ) and orally (p.o.) as a paste (5 mg/kg TMP and 25 mg/kg SDZ). Both formulations were given twice daily for 5 days, with a 3-week interval between i.v. and oral administration. The influence of the drug combination on the intestinal microflora was examined and the plasma concentrations, pharmacokinetic parameters and plasma protein binding were determined. There were no major changes in the bacterial intestinal flora and no clinical evidence... Read More
10
Evaluation of the safety of a combination of oral administration of phenylbutazone and firocoxib in horses.
Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics
December 20, 2013
Volume 37, Issue 4 413-416 doi: 10.1111/jvp.12097
Kivett L, Taintor J, Wright J.Simultaneous administration of a nonselective COX inhibitor and a COX-2 specific NSAID has not been previously reported in horses. The goal of this study was to determine the safety of a 10-day dosage regimen of phenylbutazone and firocoxib, both at their standard dosages, in horses. Six horses were administered 2.2 mg/kg of phenylbutazone and 0.1 mg/kg of firocoxib by mouth, daily for 10 days. Horses were assessed daily for changes in behavior, appetite, fecal consistency, signs of abdominal pain, and oral mucous membrane ulceration. Horses were assessed prior to and on the last day of treatm... Read More
10
Pharmacodynamics and enantioselective pharmacokinetics of racemic carprofen in the horse.
Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics
December 18, 2002
Volume 25, Issue 6 433-448 doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2885.2002.00436.x
Lees P, Landoni MF.Carprofen is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug of the 2-arylpropionate subclass. It contains a single chiral centre and exists in two enantiomeric forms. In this study rac-carprofen, at two dosages, 0.7 and 4.0 mg/kg, and placebo were administered i.v. to six New Forest horses in a three period cross-over study. The concentration-time profiles were established for R(-) and S(+)-carprofen for plasma and both inflamed (exudate) and noninflamed (transudate) tissue cage fluids. R(-)-carprofen was the predominant enantiomer in all three fluids, as indicated by plasma area under the curve (AUC) ... Read More
10
Evaluation of regional limb perfusion with amikacin using the saphenous, cephalic, and palmar digital veins in standing horses.
Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics
May 18, 2012
Volume 36, Issue 3 236-240 doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2885.2012.01414.x
Kelmer G, Bell GC, Martin-Jimenez T, Saxton AM, Catasus C, Elliot SB, Meibohm B.Previous studies have shown that regional limb perfusion (RLP) using the palmar digital (PD) vein delivers therapeutic concentration of amikacin to the distal limb. Our hypothesis was that using the cephalic and saphenous veins for RLP will enable delivery of therapeutic concentrations of amikacin to the distal limb. Nineteen healthy horses participated in the study. The cephalic, saphenous, or PD vein was used to perfuse the limb with amikacin. Two grams of amikacin was used for RLP using the saphenous and the cephalic veins, and one gram was used in the PD vein. Synovial samples were collect... Read More
10
Pharmacokinetics of intravenous ceftiofur sodium and concentration in body fluids of foals.
Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics
July 21, 2009
Volume 32, Issue 4 309-316 doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2885.2008.01041.x
Meyer S, Giguère S, Rodriguez R, Zielinski RJ, Grover GS, Brown SA.The objectives of this study were to determine pharmacokinetics of intravenous (i.v.) ceftiofur in foals, to compare ultra-high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectometry (UPLC-MS/MS) and microbiologic assay for the measurement of ceftiofur concentrations, and to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of ceftiofur against common equine bacterial pathogens. In a cross-over design, ceftiofur sodium was administered i.v. to six foals (1-2 days-of-age and 4-5 weeks-of-age) at dosages of 5 and 10 mg/kg. Subsequently, five doses of ceftiofur were administered i.v. to six... Read More
10
Bioavailability of oral penicillins in the horse: a comparison of pivampicillin and amoxicillin.
Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics
September 1, 1992
Volume 15, Issue 3 221-230 doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2885.1992.tb01010.x
Ensink JM, Klein WR, Mevius DJ, Klarenbeek A, Vulto AG.The pharmacokinetics of ampicillin and amoxicillin following intravenous administration at a dose rate of 15 and 10 mg/kg respectively were studied in four healthy adult horses. Pharmacokinetics of pivampicillin and amoxicillin were studied after oral administration to four healthy adult horses. Pivampicillin, a prodrug of ampicillin, was administered orally to starved and fed horses at a dose rate of 19.9 mg/kg, which is equivalent on a molecular basis to 15 mg/kg ampicillin. Amoxicillin was administered orally to starved horses only, at a dose rate of 20 mg/kg. Ampicillin and amoxicillin con... Characterization of the antinociceptive and sedative effect of amitraz in horses.
Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics
November 12, 1998
Volume 21, Issue 5 400-405 doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2885.1998.00150.x
Queiroz-Neto A, Zamur G, Gonçalves SC, Carregaro AB, Mataqueiro MI, Harkins JD, Tobin T.Amitraz, an acaricide used to control ectoparasites in animals has a complex pharmacological activity, including alpha2-adrenergic agonist action. The purpose of this research was to investigate the possible antinociceptive and/or sedative effect of amitraz in horses. The sedative effect of the intravenous (i.v.) injection of dimethylformamide (DMF, 5 mL, control) or amitraz (0.05, 0.10, 0.15 mg/kg), was investigated on the head ptosis test. The participation of alpha2-adrenergic receptors in the sedative effect provoked by amitraz was studied by dosing yohimbine (0.12 mg/kg, i.v.). To measure... Mucosal permeability of water-soluble drugs in the equine jejunum: a preliminary investigation.
Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics
September 9, 2006
Volume 29, Issue 5 379-385 doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2885.2006.00757.x
Davis JL, Little D, Blikslager AT, Papich MG.Ussing chambers have been used to study the mucosal permeability of drugs in humans, rats and other species. This data can then be used to develop in vitro/in vivo correlations (IVIVC) for drugs based on the Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS). Due to the poor oral bioavailability of many drugs in the horse, this method may be useful for screening drugs before development to determine if they warrant further study. Cephalexin (CPX), marbofloxacin (MAR), metronidazole (MTZ) and fluconazole (FCZ) were chosen for this study based on the wide range of physicochemical properties and bioava... Pharmacokinetics of intravenous, plain oral and enteric-coated oral omeprazole in the horse.
Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics
October 1, 2014
Volume 38, Issue 2 130-136 doi: 10.1111/jvp.12169
Sykes BW, Underwood C, McGowan CM, Mills PC.The objectives were to document the pharmacokinetics of intravenous, enteric-coated oral and plain oral omeprazole in fasted horses and to investigate the impact of feeding on the bioavailability of an enteric-coated omeprazole. Twelve horses received four treatments: intravenous omeprazole (0.5 mg/kg) in the fasted state (IV-Fasted), enteric-coated omeprazole (4 mg/kg) orally in the fasted state (ECO-Fasted), enteric-coated omeprazole (4 mg/kg) orally in the fed state (ECO-Fed) and plain omeprazole (4 mg/kg) orally in the fasted state (PL-Fasted). Plasma omeprazole concentrations were det... Pharmacokinetics of tramadol in horses after intravenous, intramuscular and oral administration.
Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics
January 8, 2008
Volume 31, Issue 1 60-65 doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2885.2007.00929.x
Shilo Y, Britzi M, Eytan B, Lifschitz T, Soback S, Steinman A.Tramadol is a centrally acting analgesic drug that has been used clinically for the last two decades to treat moderate to moderately severe pain in humans. The present study investigated tramadol administration in horses by intravenous, intramuscular, oral as immediate-release and oral as sustained-release dosage-form routes. Seven horses were used in a four-way crossover study design in which racemic tramadol was administered at 2 mg/kg by each route of administration. Altogether, 23 blood samples were collected between 0 and 2880 min. The concentration of tramadol and its M1 metabolite were ...