Omneity® Pellets
All-In-One Vitamin & Mineral Pellet
Theriogenology.
Publisher:
Geron-X.. [New York, N.Y.?] : Elsevier
Frequency: Sixteen no. a year
Country: United States
Language: English
Start Year:1974 -
ISSN:
0093-691X (Print)
1879-3231 (Electronic)
0093-691X (Linking)
1879-3231 (Electronic)
0093-691X (Linking)
Impact Factor
2.8
2022
| NLM ID: | 0421510 |
| (OCoLC): | 02504829 |
| (DNLM): | T08780000(s) |
| Coden: | THGNBO |
| Classification: | W1 TH677K |
The inhibition of spermatic cystine/glutamate antiporter xCT (SLC7A11) influences the ability of cryopreserved stallion sperm to bind to heterologous zonae pellucidae. Sperm are redox-regulated cells, and deregulation of their redox status is considered to affect male fertility and to reduce their fertilizing ability following biotechnological procedures, such as cryopreservation. Cystine (CysS), after incorporation in sperm via SLC7A11 antiporter, has been demonstrated to increase intracellular GSH content, the most important non enzymatic antioxidant. This study was aimed at investigating the role of SLC7A11 antiporter on frozen-thawed stallion sperm ability to respond to in vitro capacitating environment after post-thaw incubation with CysS and/or Sulfas...
Concentrations of progesterone and a PGF2α metabolite during the interovulatory interval compared to the corresponding days of pregnancy in mares. The concentrations of progesterone (P4) and a metabolite of PGF2α (PGFM) in mares were compared between the interovulatory interval (IOI; n = 8) and the corresponding days of pregnancy (n = 9). In daily blood samples, P4 increased between the day of ovulation (Day 0) and ∼Day 6 and then gradually decreased until the beginning of luteolysis in the IOI group. Before the beginning of luteolysis, there were no significant differences in P4 concentrations between the IOI and early pregnancy. In the IOI, PGFM concentration on the day before the beginning of luteolysis began to increase (P &l...
Effects of intrauterine devices on proteins in the uterine lavage fluid of mares. Intrauterine devices block luteolysis in cyclic mares, but the underlying mechanism is unknown. To clarify the mechanisms, the protein profile of the endometrial secretome was analyzed using two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE). Twenty-seven mares were classified according to whether they were inseminated (AI) or had an intrauterine device (IUD), a water-filled plastic sphere, inserted into the uterus on Day 3 after ovulation. Uterine lavage fluids were collected on Day 15 from pregnant inseminated mares (AI-P; n = 8), non-pregnant inseminated mares (AI-N; n = 4), and m...
Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, MMP-9, semen quality and sperm longevity in fractionated stallion semen. Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 are gelatinases that take part in several reproductive processes. The aim of this study was to measure levels of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in fractionated stallion ejaculates, and to evaluate the association between these components and semen quality, and sperm longevity during cooled storage. Semen quality were assessed separately for sperm-rich fractions (HIGH), sperm-poor fractions (LOW), and whole ejaculate samples (WE) from 33 stallions. After cooled storage with SP either present or removed, sperm motility and DFI were determined. The relative activity of...
Intrauterine infusion of killed semen adversely affects uterine blood flow and endometrial gene expression of inflammatory cytokines in mares susceptible to persistent breeding-induced endometritis. Persistent breeding-induced endometritis (PBIE) is a leading cause of infertility in mares. The objective of the study was to assess genital perfusion and endometrial gene expression of inflammatory cytokines in mares classified as susceptible (n = 5) or resistant (n = 5) to PBIE. Ten mares were examined daily during estrus until 6 d after hCG-induced ovulation for two estrous cycles. Twenty-four hours after application of 1500 IU hCG, 4 mL of killed (by repeated freezing in liquid nitrogen and thawing at 50 °C) deep-frozen semen or sterile saline was instilled into the uterine body an...
In vitro maturation of equine oocytes followed by two vitrification protocols and subjected to either intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) or parthenogenic activation. The aim of this study was determine the viability and developmental competence of equine oocytes after IVM and vitrification using the Rapid-I method, as part of an effort to develop an effective equine oocyte vitrification protocol. Equine oocytes were collected by scraping ovarian follicles of slaughtered mares. A total of 1052 ovaries were used in this study, from which 3135 oocytes were obtained. Of the 2853 oocytes retrieved, 2557 underwent in vitro maturation for approximately 36 h. After in vitro culture, 1202 oocytes (47%) had a first polar body. To evaluate the toxicity of the solu...
A deterministic simulation model for the evaluation of reproductive performance in Thoroughbred mares. The objective of the present study was to develop a deterministic simulation model for evaluating the reproductive performance of Thoroughbred mares. As an application, the model was used to estimate the herd level asymptotic foaling percentage (AFP) for evaluating the performance of mares in stabilized mare herds using the convergent method for estimating a steady-state distribution of mares. In this model, it was assumed that the mares were mated only during the breeding season. The effects of early pregnancy loss and fetal loss on reproductive performance were investigated. The sensitivitie...
The effects of metabolic substrates glucose, pyruvate, and lactate added to a skim milk-based semen extender for cooled storage of stallion sperm. Under in vitro conditions, stallion sperm might preferentially use energy substrates that primarily undergo mitochondrial metabolism. The present study sought to determine the effects of glucose, pyruvate, lactate, or their combinations on the quality of stallion sperm subjected to cooled storage at different temperatures, when using a skim milk-based semen extender. In Experiment 1, no substrate (Control), glucose (40 mM; Glu-40), pyruvate (2 mM, 19.8 mM; Pyr-2, Pyr-19), lactate (2 mM, 19.8 mM; Lac-2, Lac-19, respectively), or their combinations (G/P/L-2 or G/P/L-19, respectively) were ...
Relationships between blood and follicular fluid urea nitrogen concentrations and between blood urea nitrogen and embryo survival in mares. High blood urea nitrogen (BUN) concentration is linked to low fertility in cows and ewes; however, this relationship has not been reported in mares. The study characterized the relationship between BUN and follicular fluid urea nitrogen (FUN) during follicle growth (Experiment 1) and the impact of BUN from embryo donors on the pregnancy outcome of recipient mares (Experiment 2). In experiment one, follicular fluid and blood samples were collected from mares during diestrus with growing follicles and during estrus with pre-ovulatory follicles (n = 16 and 10 mares, respectively). In experiment...
Ultrasound-guided aspiration of dominant follicles (≥25 mm) followed by luteinization and progesterone production during the estrous cycle in mares. The present study was designed to evaluate luteinization rates subsequent to aspiration of dominant follicles (≥25 mm) in the absence of a functional CL (progesterone 0.05) at 83, 67, 83, and 100%, respectively. Correspondingly, progesterone concentrations increased (>2 ng/mL) by approximately 6, 7, 5, and 4 d after aspiration, respectively, which were delayed (P < 0.05) in the 25-29 and 30-34 mm follicle aspiration groups compared to 2 d after ovulation in the control group. Thereafter, progesterone reached maximal concentrations (10-11 ng/mL) as averaged over all aspiration...
Kinetics of placenta-specific 8 (PLAC8) in equine placenta during pregnancy and placentitis. Placenta-specific 8 (PLAC8) is one of the placenta-regulatory genes which is highly conserved among eutherian mammals. However, little is known about its expression in equine placenta (chorioallantois; CA and endometrium; EN) during normal and abnormal pregnancy. Therefore, the current study was designed to 1) elucidate the expression of PLAC8 in equine embryonic membranes during the preimplantation period, 2) characterize the expression profile of PLAC8 in equine CA (45d, 4mo, 6mo, 10 mo, 11 mo and postpartum) and EN (14d, 4mo, 6mo, 10 mo, and 11 mo) obtained from pregnant mares (n = 4/...
Mitochondrial function, blastocyst development and live foals born after ICSI of immature vitrified/warmed equine oocytes matured with or without melatonin. Oocyte vitrification is considered experimental in the horse with only three live foals reported. The oxidative conditions induced by vitrification could in part explain the poor results and melatonin, a powerful antioxidant, could stimulate ROS metabolization and restore mitochondrial function in these oocytes. Our objective was to determine the oxidative status of vitrified equine oocytes and to analyze the effect of melatonin on mitochondrial-specific ROS (mROS), oocyte maturation, ICSI embryo development and viability. Immature, abattoir-derived oocytes were held for 15 h and vitrified in...
Sperm transport and endometrial inflammatory response in mares after artificial insemination with cryopreserved spermatozoa. This study aimed to determine whether the insemination site and dose with cryopreserved sperm of reproductively normal mares affect the sperm population in uterine tubes and the intensity of endometrial inflammatory response. Experimental subjects were estrous mares inseminated, in the mid-uterine body (Body) or the tip of the uterine horn (Tip), ipsilateral to the dominant follicle, with one 0.5 mL straw with 50 × 106 sperm (50) or with eight straws with 50 × 106 sperm/straw (400). Mares were slaughtered 2 h, 4 h and 12 h after artificial insemination (AI) and randomly assigned to f...
Inclusion of supplemental antibiotics (amikacin – penicillin) in a commercial extender for stallion semen: Effects on sperm quality, bacterial growth, and fertility following cooled storage. In this study, the effectiveness of supplementing INRA-96® extender (INRA-Control; original antibiotic formulation: potassium penicillin G = 38 μg/mL; gentamicin sulfate = 105 μg/mL; amphotericin B = 0.315 μg/mL) with amikacin sulfate and potassium penicillin G (AP) was determined. In Exp. 1, two sources of amikacin (INRA-AP-Sigma or INRA-AP-GoldBio) in combination with penicillin G were compared with ticarcillin/clavulanate (INRA-Tim) or no-supplemental antibiotics (INRA-Control) to examine effects on sperm quality and commensal bacterial growth. No differences were detected in s...
Uterine hemodynamic patterns, oxidative stress, and chromoendoscopy in mares with endometritis. This study aimed to evaluate the use of Doppler ultrasound for determining alterations in uterine thickness and uterine arteries, use of chromohysteroscopy in evaluating endometritis with biopsies, and the impact of endometritis on oxidative and hormonal status. Twenty Arabian mares were divided into control and endometritis groups. Each underwent a physical examination, Doppler ultrasound, chromoendoscopy, and uterine biopsy. Blood samples from each animal were collected for hematologic, hormonal, and oxidative analysis. Results revealed a significant increase in estradiol, malondialdehyde (M...
Peripartum findings and blood gas analysis in newborn foals born after spontaneous or induced parturition. Induction of parturition in horses is still not well accepted due to the potential peripartum complications for mares and newborn foals. We assessed differences after spontaneous and induced parturition with low doses of oxytocin (OX) in 1) incidence of peripartum complications in mares; 2) viability, behavioral, physical, and venous blood gas analyses in foals. In this study 61 mares were included; 45/61 were enrolled in the spontaneous foaling group (SF) and 16/61 in the induced foaling group (IF). In the IF group, when the calcium in mammary secretion reached concentrations of ≥250 ppm, ...
No-contact microchip measurements of body temperature and behavioural changes prior to foaling. Gestational length is highly variable in horses ranging from 320 to 360 days. Thus, determining parturition time is an important challenge for the horse industry. Body temperature can be used in cows and ewes as an indicator of parturition. Thus, the aim of this study is to determine if temperature can also be used as indicator of foaling. Thirty-nine mares were monitored over two foaling seasons (2018 and 2019). They were housed in 16 m stalls with access to pasture in group three times a week from 10:00 to 16:00. Night watch as well as video monitoring was ensured during foaling periods. Bo...
Evaluation of vascularization in the walls of preovulatory follicles in mares with endometritis. Endometritis is a major cause of infertility in mares. The aim of this study is to evaluate the preovulatory follicle (POF) vascularization (A mix, A red, A blue), POF diameter, POF wall thickness, and uterine diameters in mares with or without endometritis. Ten healthy mares and 10 mares with endometritis diagnosed by the combination of transrectal palpation, ultrasonographic examination, and cytology brush were enrolled in the study. Data of the groups obtained at 2 days before the ovulation (day -2) were compared with Student's t-test. Correlations of the parameters were determined by the ...
Kisspeptin has an independent and direct effect on the pituitary gland in the mare. To more clearly understand the equine gonadotrope response to kisspeptin and gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH), peripheral LH and FSH were quantified in diestrous mares after treatment with either equine kisspeptide (eKp-10, 0.5 mg iv), GnRH (25 μg iv), or a combination thereof every 4 h for 3 days. The following observations were made: 1) a diminished LH and FSH response to eKp-10 and GnRH was observed by Day 3, but was not different by treatment, 2) a decrease in basal LH concentration was observed from Day 1 to Day 3 for the eKp-10, but not the GnRH treated mares, 3) there was no ch...
Irradiating frozen-thawed stallion sperm with red-light increases their resilience to withstand post-thaw incubation at 38 °C. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether red-light stimulation increases the longevity and resilience of cryopreserved stallion sperm to withstand post-thaw incubation for 120 min. Sixteen frozen straws of 0.5 mL from eight stallions were used. Samples were cryopreserved, thawed through incubation at 38 °C for 30 s and divided into the control and samples exposed to red-light using a triple LED photo-activation system (wavelength: 620-630 nm). Three irradiation protocols consisting of different light-dark-light intervals (1-1-1, 2-2-2 and 3-3-3 min) were tested. Sperm quality param...
Fractionated semen collection as a tool to rescue fertility in stallions with seminal vesiculitis. Treatments for seminal vesiculitis have poor outcomes in stallions; thus, the development of alternative strategies is warranted. This study aimed to evaluate fractionated semen collection as a method to restore the fertility of stallions diagnosed with seminal vesiculitis. Eighteen ejaculates from six stallions (three ejaculates/stallion) diagnosed with seminal vesiculitis were harvested in fractions, as follows: Fraction A (FA), the first two jets; Fraction B (FB), the third and fourth jets; and Fraction C (FC), the fifth and remaining jets of the ejaculate. All fractions were subject to sta...
A retrospective study on semen quality parameters from four different Dutch horse breeds with different levels of inbreeding. A high degree of inbreeding has been reported to negatively impact semen quality in Friesian horses and Shetland ponies. Both breeds are characterized by a closed studbook, small population size, and high incidence of inbreeding. The Dutch Warmblood studbook (KWPN: Koninklijk Warmblood Paardenstamboek Nederland) is a much larger studbook with two distinct populations: the KWPN-Riding horses, managed as an 'open' studbook, and the KWPN-Harness horses, representing a much smaller subpopulation within the KWPN breed and managed as an 'almost closed' studbook. It was recently reported that the deg...
Doppler indices of the equine fetal carotid artery throughout gestation. Assessment of pregnancy viability in the equine patient is currently based on gestational profiles of limited prognostic value. In recent years Doppler technology has been applied to uterine and umbilical arteries of pregnant mares to monitor fetal responsive haemodynamics, suggestive of compromise. To date, uterine artery Doppler indices failed to provide sufficient evidence of pregnancy viability and the umbilical cord of the equine fetus is inconsistently visualized past 250 days gestation. The objectives of this study were to: i) evaluate intracranial blood flow impedance by Doppler examin...
Acrosomal marker SP-10 (gene name Acrv1) for staging of the cycle of seminiferous epithelium in the stallion. The acrosome plays a critical role in sperm-oocyte interactions during fertilization. SP-10 is an acrosomal matrix protein, which is evolutionarily conserved among mammals. The SP-10 antibody has been shown to be useful for staging the seminiferous cycle in the mouse and human. A canonical acrosomal marker; however, has never been used for staging in the horse. The objectives of the present study were to investigate the presence of SP-10 within the horse acrosome using an anti-mouse SP-10 antibody, to classify spermatids based on the shape of the acrosome, and then to use that information to a...
Direct contact may affect the efficacy of stallion exposure in hastening the onset of cyclicity in anestrous mares. Introducing males to seasonally anestrous females has been shown to increase LH concentrations and hasten the first ovulation in ewes and goat does. Investigation of this sociosexual phenomenon in mares has not been well studied. The objective of this study was to determine if direct or indirect exposure of anestrous mares to a stallion would result in a similar increase in LH and hasten the first ovulation. In late February, mares were stratified by parity and age and assigned randomly to three treatments (n = 7/treatment): (1) DXP (direct exposure; mares housed adjacent to stallion and all...
Harvesting, processing, and evaluation of in vitro-manipulated equine preantral follicles: A review. The mammalian ovary is responsible for essential stages of folliculogenesis and hormonal production, regulating the female physiological functions during the menstrual/estrous cycles. The mare has been considered an attractive model for comparative studies due to the striking similarities shared with women regarding in vivo and in vitro folliculogenesis. The ovarian follicular population in horses contains a large number of oocytes enclosed in preantral follicles that are yet to be explored. Therefore, the in vitro manipulation of equine preantral follicles aims to avoid the process of atre...
Embryo technologies in donkeys (Equus Asinus). In industrialized countries, the donkey population had a dramatic decrease during the last century and this has brought almost all European donkey breeds to risk. Embryo technologies have already been employed as a tool for the conservation of endangered equid species (e.g. Equus Przewalskii). Today it is possible to obtain pregnancies after the transfer of donkey embryos in synchronized recipients, even though embryo transfer is not widely used as a reproductive technique in this species. So far, very few foals are born after transfer of cryopreserved embryos. To date, no pregnancies have bee...
Supportive techniques to investigate in vitro culture and cryopreservation efficiencies of equine ovarian tissue: A review. During the reproductive lifespan of a female, only a limited quantity of oocytes are naturally ovulated; therefore, the mammalian ovary possesses a substantial population of preantral follicles available to be handled and explored in vitro. Hence, the manipulation of preantral follicles enclosed in ovarian tissue aims to recover a considerable population of oocytes of high-value animals for potential application in profitable assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs). For this purpose, the technique of preantral follicle in vitro culture (IVC) has been the most common research tool, achievin...
Effect of Mycobacterium cell wall fraction on endometrial histomorphometry of mares resistant and susceptible to persistent breeding-induced endometritis. Mycobacterium cell wall fraction (MCWF) is a biological component made up of molecules with immunostimulant properties, which is therapeutically used to modulate persistent breeding-induced endometritis (PBIE). The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of this immunomodulator on the endometrial histological structure during the diestrus of PBIE-resistant and -susceptible mares that either received treatment with MCWF or not. The experiment was conducted with 10 resistant mares (RM) and 9 susceptible mares (SM). In the first estrous cycle of the trial, all mares were inseminated with dead...
