Omneity® Pellets
All-In-One Vitamin & Mineral Pellet
Topic:Animal Health
Animal Health encompasses a broad range of topics focused on maintaining and improving the well-being of equine species. This field addresses various aspects of horse care, including disease prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and management of health conditions. Key areas of interest include equine nutrition, vaccination protocols, parasite control, dental care, and the management of chronic conditions such as laminitis and colic. Additionally, animal health research in horses investigates the impact of exercise and training on physical health, the role of genetics in disease susceptibility, and the development of new therapeutic approaches. This page compiles peer-reviewed research studies and scholarly articles that explore the latest advancements, challenges, and best practices in preserving and enhancing the health of horses.
Successful bacterin therapy in a case of chronic equine staphylococcal infection. A Staphylococcus aureus infection in a mature horse, resulting from trauma, is described, which proved refractory to antibiotic therapy directed by the results of antibiotic sensitivity testing. After a prolonged course, rapid resolution of the infection was achieved with the administration of an autogenous formalized bacterin.
Malignant melanomas in farm animals. Malignant melanomas in 5 horses, 1 calf, 1 cow and 2 pigs were described. The disease, in white or gray horses, was tegumentally located and generalized in the organs of the abdominal cavity. Microscopically, dendritic and fusiform pigment cells and multinucleated cells were identified. In the hypophysis there microcysts and in one case a hypophyseal adenoma were encountered. Electronmicroscopically, differentiated melanophores and melanophages were also found. The mature melanosomes were intensely black and the elementary granules concentrically and lamellarly arranged. In cattle, the general...
Studies related to the metabolism of anabolic steroids in the horse: the metabolism of 1-dehydrotestosterone and the use of fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry in the identification of steroid conjugates. The metabolism and urinary excretion of 1,2(n)-3H-1-dehydrotestosterone were studied in cross-bred gelded horses. Approximately 40% of the dose was excreted in 24 h. The steroid metabolites were extracted by Amberlite XAD-2 resin and fractionated into glucuronides and sulphoconjugates. Unchanged 1-dehydrotestosterone was the only component identified by gas chromatography mass spectrometry after solvolysis of the sulphoconjugates. Positive and negative ion fast atom bombardment mass spectra were obtained on the purified 1-dehydrotestosterone sulphoconjugate isolated from horse urine and on the...
Insulin tolerance in laminitic ponies. Sensitivity to insulin was assessed in ponies episodically affected with chronic laminitis by measurement of blood glucose and arterial blood pressure during insulin tolerance tests. In terms of blood glucose values, laminitic ponies were significantly less sensitive to insulin than controls. Conversely, a post-insulin decline in diastolic, systolic and mean blood pressure values was significantly greater in laminitic ponies than in controls.
Native American medicinal plants. Anemonin from the horse stimulant Clematis hirsutissima. Anemonin, the dilactone of cyclobutane-1,2-diol-1,2-diacrylic acid derived from the cyclodimerization of protoanemonin, a known blistering agent, was isolated from Clematis hirsutissima, a plant used by the Nez Perce and Teton Sioux nations as a horse stimulant.
Further purification and characterisation of horse IgE. Horse IgE was isolated from a serum pool collected from foals naturally infected with endoparasites. The serum was precipitated with ammonium sulfate, delipidated with dextran sulfate and further purified by gel filtration, anionic exchange, immunosorption or preparative polyacrylamide gelelectrophoresis. By these methods IgE could be isolated at a purity of 81%. The sera from rabbits immunized with the purified horse serum fractions were tested using reversed passive cutaneous anaphylaxis and an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). By the ELISA method cross reaction of rabbit anti horse...
Sweet itch: responses of clinically normal and affected horses to intradermal challenge with extracts of biting insects. In a study of the skin reactivity of horses with lesions of sweet itch, six clinically normal horses and seven affected horses were challenged intradermally with extracts of Culicoides, Stomoxys, Tabanidae and Culex species. All the affected horses and three of the normal horses responded strongly to the culicoides extract. The skin reactions in the affected horses reached their maxima within 4 h in the majority of animals. Skin reactivity to culicoides was transferred to normal horses with serum from affected animals confirming that the reaction was an immediate hypersensitivity reaction. Thr...
“Haysickness” in Icelandic horses: precipitin tests and other studies. Blood samples were taken from 18 healthy horses (Group A), 15 horses clinically diagnosed to have "haysickness" ("farmer's lung") (Group B), 10 closely related horses (Group C) and 14 inbred horses (Group D). Precipitins in sera were measured by double gel diffusion test against Micropolyspora faeni, Thermoactinomyces vulgaris, Aspergillus fumigatus, Alternaria, Penicillium and Rhizopus species. In Group A, all the horses were precipitin negative except one with a faint reaction to Rhizopus species. In Group B all had precipitin against M faeni. One horse also had precipitins against Rhizopus ...
Equine onchocerciasis in Queensland and the Northern Territory of Australia. Investigations were conducted on the taxonomy, distribution in the carcase, pathology and transmission of Onchocerca spp. in equids from Queensland and the Northern Territory. Examination of small groups of horses and ponies revealed high infection rates with O. cervicalis, while lesser numbers were infected with O. gutturosa. O. reticulata was not found. Neither of the Australian species is likely to be of economic importance to the horsemeat industry. The findings support the belief that O. cervicalis is a pre-disposing factor in the aetiology of equine nuchal disease, most commonly seen cli...
Outbreak of ragwort (Senecio jacobea) poisoning in horses. Five out of 20 horses (25 per cent) on one farm died from an acute hepatic encephalopathy typical of ragwort toxicosis. Circumstantial evidence implicated pasture rather than hay as the principal source of the toxic alkaloids. Plasma levels of gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT) were determined on three occasions in all surviving ragwort-exposed horses. Elevated GGT levels were a useful early indicator of hepatic damage although not all horses with this biochemical sign developed clinical disease.
Copper and zinc levels in the blood of thoroughbreds in training in the United Kingdom. The concentration of copper and zinc in the blood and sera of over 300 Thoroughbreds in training was determined by atomic absorption between February 1979 and July 1981. The mean (+/- sd) concentration of copper in the serum of stabled Thoroughbreds (79 +/- 16 micrograms/dl) was significantly (P less than 0.0001) lower than that of those at grass (101 +/- 26 micrograms/dl), whereas the mean serum zinc concentration of stabled Thoroughbreds (170 +/- 54 micrograms/dl) was higher than that of those at grass (111 +/- 45 micrograms/dl). No such differences were observed in whole blood. There were m...
Plasma cortisol and beta-endorphin in horses subjected to electro-acupuncture for cutaneous analgesia. Electro-acupuncture (EA) treatment of horses to induce cutaneous analgesia also increased plasma concentrations of beta-endorphin (beta-EP) and cortisol. The magnitude of these increases did not relate consistently to the degree of EA-induced analgesia. Respiration and heart rates were also markedly increased during EA treatment. Intact female horses had higher packed cell volume and plasma beta-EP as well as lower plasma total protein than castrated male horses. Plasma cortisol, heart rate, and respiration rate did not differ significantly between sexes. None of the parameters measured before...
Biochemical and haematological effects of a revised dosage schedule of phenylbutazone in horses. Five pairs of matched horses were used to study the biochemical and haematological effects of a revised dosage schedule of phenylbutazone. One group of five horses received a phenylbutazone paste formulation daily for 12 days and a second group of five animals received a placebo preparation for a similar time. Some statistically significant differences were recorded from pretreatment levels in both groups of horses. These changes represented instability in baseline levels and could not be ascribed to phenylbutazone administration.
Studies on a new paste preparation of phenylbutazone. The absorption characteristics of a new paste preparation of phenylbutazone were studied in ponies and thoroughbreds. The results suggested that at a similar dose rate of 5 mg/kg greater bioavailability results from the paste than from a powder preparation. Delivery of an accurate dosage of the paste was not possible using the multidose applicator. Repeated administration of the paste preparation (5 mg/kg twice daily) indicated that it is more toxic to both ponies and thoroughbreds than a powder preparation. In addition to the toxic manifestations previously reported, a neutropenia developed d...
Gastroesophageal ulceration and candidiasis in foals. Gastroesophageal candidiasis in association with ulceration was diagnosed in 5 foals in which signs of colic had been nonresponsive to medical treatment. The ulceration was found in the stomach of all foals and in the esophagus of 1 foal. Candida colonized hyperkeratotic mucosa surrounding the ulcers, and the associated inflammation resulted in splitting of the mucosal epithelium. Loss of the superficial mucosa may have allowed invasion by bacteria, leading to ulceration.
Secondary closure of infected abdominal incisions in cattle and horses. Infected abdominal incisions in 7 cattle and 3 horses were resutured with monofilamentous stainless steel retention sutures. After debridement of devitalized and infected tissue, wound edges were apposed with simple interrupted vertical (5 cattle, 3 horses) or horizontal (2 cattle) mattress sutures, placed through all layers of the body wall. Sutures were placed 2 to 3 cm apart over rubber tubing, 3 to 5 cm from wound edges. In 5 of the 10 operations, skin and subcutaneous tissue were left unsutured. The repaired wounds were supported with an encircling elastic roll bandage and sterile compres...
Fatty acid composition of serum lipids in fasting ponies. Alterations in the fatty acid distribution of total lipid extracts and 4 of the major lipid subclasses of serum in ponies fasted overnight and for 4 and 7 days were determined. Although increases in 16:0, 16:1, and 18:3 omega 3 were observed, decreased amounts of 18:0 and 18:2 omega 6 combined to cause no significant change in the saturated to unsaturated fatty acid ratio in the total extracts. Phospholipid became somewhat preferentially enriched in saturated fatty acids due to a decrease in 18:1, although this response was variable. The free fatty acid and triglyceride fractions both showed i...
