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Topic:Clinical Symptoms
Clinical symptoms in horses encompass a range of observable signs that may indicate underlying health issues, such as disease, injury, or physiological stress. These symptoms can vary widely depending on the condition and may include changes in behavior, appetite, respiratory patterns, or physical appearance. Common clinical symptoms in horses include lameness, colic, coughing, nasal discharge, and changes in body temperature or heart rate. Identifying and interpreting these symptoms is an essential aspect of equine veterinary practice, as they provide critical information for diagnosis and management of health conditions. This page compiles peer-reviewed research studies and scholarly articles that explore the identification, assessment, and implications of clinical symptoms in equine health management.
Multisystemic eosinophilic epitheliotropic disease in a horse: attempted treatment with hydroxyurea and dexamethasone. Equine multisystemic eosinophilic epitheliotropic disease is rare in horses. The clinical signs vary according to the organs affected, the skin and gastrointestinal tract being most commonly involved. This paper gives the first reported description of a horse with multisystemic eosinophilic epitheliotropic disease in the United Kingdom and the attempts to treat it. The horse showed dermatological, gastrointestinal, hepatic, pulmonary and pancreatic involvement. Some improvement was seen when the horse was treated with corticosteroid and hydroxyurea.
Manually assisted ejaculation in a stallion with erectile dysfunction subsequent to paraphimosis. A Thoroughbred stallion with erectile dysfunction following paraphimosis was managed to allow consistent ejaculation. Ejaculation was elicited in this stallion by applying manual stimulation to the base of the penis. This technique allowed consistent ejaculation, and the stallion was able to return to natural service. Historically, stallions with this degree of penile dysfunction have been considered incapable of ejaculation and unable to continue as breeding animals.
Relation between pharmacokinetics of amikacin sulfate and sepsis score in clinically normal and hospitalized neonatal foals. Pharmacokinetic values after IV administration of amikacin sulfate were determined for clinically normal and hospitalized foals during the first week of life. The relations between drug disposition and sepsis score and serum creatinine concentration also were studied. In clinically normal foals, differences in sepsis score, serum creatinine concentration, and pharmacokinetic variables of amikacin were not found between foals 1 to 3 and 4 to 7 days old. In hospitalized foals, sepsis score, serum creatinine concentration, area under the curve, area under the moment curve, and mean residence time...
Effects of WEB 2086, an antagonist to the receptor for platelet-activating factor (PAF), on PAF-induced responses in the horse. Platelet-activating factor (PAF) causes oedema and neutrophil accumulation when injected into the skin of normal horses. PAF is also known to induce aggregation of horse platelets in vitro. The selective PAF receptor antagonist WEB 2086 has now been used to determine whether these effects are mediated by PAF receptor activation. Addition of WEB 2086 to equine platelets in vitro inhibited PAF-induced aggregation in a competitive reversible manner (pA2 = 7.14). Inhibition of in vivo inflammatory responses to PAF occurred after local administration of WEB 2086: wheal formation induced by 0.1 micr...
Gastric leiomyosarcoma in a horse. Gastric leiomyosarcoma was diagnosed in a 12-year-old Thoroughbred gelding. The horse was examined because of anorexia, weight loss, and intermittent fever of 1.5 months' duration. Antemortem diagnostic testing was extensive, but a definitive diagnosis could not be reached with noninvasive methods. Exploratory celiotomy confirmed an intra-abdominal mass, and the horse was euthanatized. Necropsy revealed a firm mass associated with the distal portion of the esophagus, cranial two thirds of the stomach, and visceral surface of the liver. The histopathologic diagnosis was leiomyosarcoma.
Entomophthoromycosis due to Conidiobolus. Entomophthoromycosis due to Conidiobolus coronatus is a granulomatous infection characterized by lesions that originate in the inferior turbinate, spread through ostia and foramina to involve the facial and subcutaneous tissues and paranasal sinuses. The majority of the cases have been described from areas of tropical rainforest in West Africa, agricultural and outdoor workers (aged 20-60 years) being the ones most frequently affected. The fungus is common in soil and decaying vegetation. Infection probably occurs by implantation of the spores of the fungus in nasal mucosa. C. incongruus is a ...
Horner’s syndrome in ten horses. Ten cases of equine Horner's syndrome were reviewed. None of the clinical signs in this series were transient (<48 hours). Sweating and ptosis were consistently observed by the attending clinician in over half of the affected horses. Enophthalmos and prolapse of the third eyelid were not reported consistently. The average duration of the clinical signs was 4.94 months and ranged from 14 days to 15 months. Eight of the ten horses developed associated complications, some of which affected performance. Airway obstruction and impedance of passage of a fiberoptic endoscope due to nasal mucosal e...
Acute eosinophilic interstitial pulmonary disease in a pony. An outdoor pony which developed severe respiratory distress in February was shown to have acute interstitial pulmonary disease (alveolitis), which was characterised by a massive exudation of eosinophil rich fluid into the airways. While antibiotic treatment before referral was ineffective, the condition rapidly responded to corticosteroid therapy. No evidence of lungworm was present and it appears that this interstitial pulmonary disease had an immune-mediated aetiology. Bronchoalveolar lavage cytology was of great value in the diagnosis and monitoring of this case.
Subcutaneous emphysema from an axillary wound that resulted in pneumomediastinum and bilateral pneumothorax in a horse. A 5-year-old Thoroughbred gelding was examined because of a small axillary wound sustained 5 days earlier and had resulted in extensive subcutaneous emphysema. Three days after admission, the horse's respiratory rate had increased to 72 breaths/min, and the horse appeared anxious and distressed. Thoracic radiography revealed pneumomediastinum and severe bilateral pneumothorax. Tube thoracostomy was performed on both hemithoraxes. The drains were connected to one-way suction valves and suction devices to decompress the thorax. A nasopharyngeal catheter was inserted, and oxygen insufflation was ...
Hypoglycemia and hepatic ischemic necrosis after small intestinal incarceration through the epiploic foramen in a horse. A 16-year-old stallion was presented to the Louisiana State University Veterinary Teaching Hospital for evaluation of acute abdominal pain. Physical examination and diagnostic procedures indicated a strangulating obstruction of the small intestine. At exploratory celiotomy, a strangulating incarceration of the jejunum through the epiploic foramen was found. The incarcerated small intestine was reduced, then resection of the nonviable bowel and anastomosis performed. After surgery, the horse exhibited clinical signs and laboratory findings associated with hypoglycemia and died in spite of emerg...
Ultrasonographic evaluation of the testis, epididymis, and spermatic cord of the stallion. Ultrasonographic examination of the testis, epididymis, and spermatic cord of the stallion can be used to enhance the routine breeding soundness evaluation of the stallion. Normal ultrasonographic anatomy of the testes and associated structures are presented to aid the clinician in differentiating abnormalities of these structures.
Transrectal ultrasonography for the evaluation of stallion accessory sex glands. This article reviews the capabilities of transrectal ultrasonography for determining the distribution of fluid and tissue within stallion accessory sex glands. Emphasis is placed on describing the normal ultrasonographic appearance of the accessory sex glands, excurrent ducts, and pelvic urethra of stallions during rest, after teasing, and after ejaculation and using this information to detect glandular abnormalities.
Use of a human enteral feeding preparation for treatment of hyperlipemia and nutritional support during healing of an esophageal laceration in a miniature horse. Nasogastric infusion of a human enteral feeding preparation was effective in reversing hyperlipemia in an anorectic miniature horse with an esophageal laceration. The nutrient preparation was delivered every 4 hours by gravity flow through a 12 F enteral feeding tube. Within 48 hours of initiating enteral nutrition, the hyperlipemia had resolved. Signs of intolerance to the preparation were not observed, and further weight loss was prevented. The use of a human enteral formula was a convenient and successful alternative for the treatment of hyperlipemia in the horse.
Abnormal conditions of the equine descending (small) colon: 102 cases (1979-1989). The signalment, clinical and laboratory findings of surgical conditions, treatment, and outcome of 102 cases of descending colon disease in horses were reviewed. Abnormal conditions were categorized as enteroliths, impactions, strangulating lipomas, fecaliths, foreign body obstruction, volvulus, nephrosplenic entrapment, and other conditions. Eleven breed categories of horses were seen during this period. Arabians, ponies, and American miniature horses were more predisposed to descending colon disease than other breeds (P less than 0.05). Female horses and animals greater than 15 years old wer...
Mycoplasma felis pleuritis in two show-jumper horses. Mycoplasma felis was identified as the cause of acute pleuritis in 2 show-jumping horses. The pleural exudate was proteinaceous, contained large numbers of neutrophils, and had a markedly increased lactate concentration. M. felis was isolated in pure culture from pleural fluid. Rising serum antibody titers to M. felis as well as a precipitous decline in titers to equine influenza virus were demonstrated in both horses. Pleural effusion in both horses and a pneumothorax detected in one of the horses resolved following a single drainage of pleural fluid and intravenous fluid, antibiotic, and ana...
Ankylosis of the distal interphalangeal joint in a horse after septic arthritis and septic navicular bursitis. A 6-month-old 300-kg Quarter Horse filly was treated for septic arthritis of the distal interphalangeal joint and septic navicular bursitis that developed as a result of a deep puncture to the foot. Initial treatment consisted of establishing ventral drainage for the navicular bursa, lavage of the distal interphalangeal joint, and administration of broad-spectrum antimicrobial drugs and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Because of continuing sepsis in the distal interphalangeal joint, subsequent treatment included packing the defect in the bottom of the foot with cancellous bone in an att...
Histopathological changes in the coeliaco-mesenteric ganglia of horses with ‘mal seco’, a grass sickness-like syndrome, in Argentina. 'Mal seco' is a grass sickness-like syndrome of horses in Argentina. A histopathological study was made of the coeliaco-mesenteric ganglia of four horses with 'mal seco' and of four horses that died from other causes. The severity and extent of the lesions found in the horses with 'mal seco' was greatest in the two with the shortest clinical course. Degenerative changes consisted mainly in the loss of Nissl substance, cytoplasmic vacuoles, neuronophagia, intercellular and intracytoplasmic eosinophilic bodies, and pyknotic and eccentric nuclei. The coeliaco-mesenteric ganglia of the control hor...
Repair of superior palpebral defect in a horse by use of silicone subdermal implant. A silicone subdermal implant was used in the surgical repair of a superior palpebral defect in a horse. The right superior palpebra was missing from the lateral canthus superiorly to the 1 o'clock position, and a corneal ulcer, anterior uveitis, and right micropalpebral fissure also were observed. Lateral canthotomy and canthoplasty were performed to enlarge the palpebral fissure, and a silicone implant was inserted in the superior palpebra to replace the missing tarsal plate. These procedures resulted in a successful reconstruction, with improvement of palpebral function.
Reconstruction of the parotid duct in a horse using an interposition polytetrafluoroethylene tube graft. A Thoroughbred gelding was referred for treatment of a parotid duct fistula. This had developed after the referring veterinarian had excised a portion of the duct, and ligated the proximal end, as a means of treating a recurring sialocoele. This report describes the successful surgical reconstruction of the excised 15 cm portion of the parotid duct using an interposition polytetrafluoroethylene tube graft.
A tracheal tube-in-tube technique for functional separation of the lungs in the horse. The tube-in-tube technique for the functional separation of the lungs in intact anaesthetised adult horses is based on fibre-optic-guided left-sided endobronchial intubation avoiding tracheostomy. It facilitates a valid separation of the two lungs despite variability in bronchial and carinal anatomy. No clinical complications that could be related to its use have been seen.
