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Topic:Disease Treatment
Disease treatment in horses encompasses a range of medical interventions and management strategies aimed at addressing various health conditions affecting equine species. These treatments can include pharmacological approaches, such as the administration of antibiotics, anti-inflammatory drugs, and antiparasitic medications, as well as non-pharmacological methods like physical therapy, dietary adjustments, and surgical procedures. The selection of appropriate treatments depends on the specific disease, its severity, and the individual needs of the horse. This topic brings together peer-reviewed research studies and scholarly articles that explore the efficacy, safety, and advancements in therapeutic options for equine diseases, providing insights into best practices and emerging trends in equine veterinary medicine.
Type II diabetes mellitus in a horse. DIABETES mellitus is an uncommon disease in the horse and,
when reported, is frequently secondary to Cushing’s disease
(King, Kavanaugh and Bentinck-Smith 1%2; Loeb, Capen
and Johnson 1966; Tasker, Whiteman and Martin 1966;
Baker and Ritchie 1974; Pauli, Rossi and Straub 1974; Moore,
Steiss, Nicholson and Orth 1979). Diabetes mellitus, associated with chronic pancreatitis, was reported in a horse with
hyperglycaemia, glycosuria and ketonuria (Jeffrey 1969).
Other reported cases were not examined fully to determine the
underlying cause of hyperglycaemia (Jorgenson 1921 ; Wilkinson 195...
Desmitis of the fetlock annular ligament in the horse. Desmitis of the fetlock annular ligament was diagnosed in 30 horses during a period of eight years. Most of the horses had been lame for a prolonged period and had chronically distended digital flexor tendon sheaths. Air tendograms demonstrated thickened palmar or plantar annular ligaments. In 25 horses the ligament was cut longitudinally; of these, 16 horses returned to full work without any difficulty and one became sound after a second operation. Follow up time varied from three months to seven-and-a-half years. None of the five untreated horses returned to work.
Endotoxemia in horses: protection provided by antiserum to core lipopolysaccharide. An equine antiserum to core lipopolysaccharide was produced by inoculation of 6 horses with a boiled cell bacterin made from the J-5 mutant of Escherichia coli O111:B4. The antiserum immunoglobulin G titer to J-5 mutant E coli, as determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, was 1:15,006. Pooled serum prepared before inoculation (preimmune serum) had a J-5 immunoglobulin G titer of 1:350. The J-5 antiserum was tested for its protective efficacy in sublethal endotoxemia in 14 horses. Four horses served as nontreated controls and were given nothing before endotoxin challenge exposure (10 mic...
Species-specific serodiagnosis of equine piroplasma infections by means of complement fixation test (CFT), immunofluorescence (IIF), and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The increasing horse trade requires a reliable immunodiagnosis of equine piroplasma infections due to import restrictions imposed by various countries, including the United States of America. It was the aim of our investigations to establish the suitability of serological tests for the detection of parasite carriers and, eventually, to differentiate between Babesia caballi and B. equi infections. The investigations were carried out on 11 ponies with experimentally-induced B. caballi and/or B. equi infection. The infections were confirmed by the demonstration of parasites in blood smears 2-13 d...
Effectiveness of oxfendazole against early and later 4th-stage Strongylus vulgaris in ponies. Twenty pony foals (reared worm free), 6.5 to 10 weeks of age, were inoculated with Strongylus vulgaris and allocated to 5 groups, each with 4 foals. One week after inoculation, 1 group of 4 foals was given oxfendazole (OFZ) at a dosage rate of 10 mg/kg of body weight, another group was given 2 such treatments 48 hours apart, and a 3rd group was given a placebo. All treatments were administered by stomach tube. Three weeks later, foals were euthanatized and necropsied in a test for efficacy against early 4th-stage larvae. Oxfendazole was 80% and 94.9% effective against early 4th-stage S vulgari...
Hernia repair in a horse. The repair of a large defect in the abdominal wall of an American Saddlehorse by implantation of a polypropylene monofilament mesh.
Gentamicin dosage in foals aged one month and three months. The absorption and disposition kinetics of gentamicin were compared at two dosage levels (2 and 4 mg/kg bodyweight [bwt]) in one- and three-month-old foals. Following intramuscular (im) injection of single 2 mg/kg bwt doses, the drug was absorbed rapidly and produced peak serum concentration (18.2 mu 5.3 +/- g/ml, n = 8) at 30 mins. Much wider variations were associated with the amount of drug absorbed and the serum gentamicin concentrations after administration at the higher dosage level. The half-life of gentamicin was similar in the one-month-old (3.7 +/- 1.7 h, n = 8) and three-month-old (...
Airway responses to aerosolized methacholine and citric acid in ponies with recurrent airway obstruction (heaves). We measured lung function and airway reactivity in response to methacholine and citric acid administered by aerosol in 2 groups of ponies (principal and control). Principal ponies had a history of heaves, a disease characterized by recurrent airway obstruction. Control ponies had no history of respiratory disease. Both principal and control ponies were paired (principal and control), and measurements were made when principal ponies were in clinical remission (Period A), following barn exposure when principal ponies had acute airway obstruction (Period B), and 1 and 2 wk after they were returne...
Isolation of eastern equine encephalitis virus from Aedes sollicitans during an epizootic in southern New Jersey. Eastern equine encephalitis virus (EEE) was isolated from the salt marsh mosquito, Aedes sollicitans, collected from coastal areas of New Jersey on 3 occasions during the late summer and fall of 1982. The isolations were made at a time when local Culiseta melanura were either undergoing a population increase or exhibiting high levels of EEE virus. Although no human cases were reported during the epizootic period, the data lend support to the hypothesis that Ae. sollicitans is capable of functioning as an epidemic vector in the coastal areas of New Jersey where human cases of EEE have been most...
Pharmacokinetics of amikacin in pony foals after a single intramuscular injection. Six healthy pony foals, from 2 to 11 days of age, were given a single IM injection of amikacin sulfate (250 mg/ml) at a dosage rate of 7 mg/kg of body weight. Serum amikacin concentrations were measured serially over a 24-hour period. The mean peak serum concentration was 14.7 micrograms/ml at 0.5 hour. The elimination rate constant for amikacin was 0.24/hour, the elimination half-life was 3.0 hours, and the apparent volume of distribution was 0.58 L/kg.
Periorbital skull fractures in five horses. Periorbital skull fractures were diagnosed in 5 horses, and were associated with ophthalmic complications including corneal ulceration, uveitis, and entrapment of the eye by retrobulbar bone fragments. Physical examination was of greater diagnostic use than radiography. Surgical repair was performed on all horses and was associated with a more favorable postoperative appearance in horses treated acutely; however, the cosmetic results were considered acceptable in all horses. Major postoperative complications were not observed.
Effects of lateral recumbency on regional lung function in anesthetized horses. Six horses were anesthetized and placed in lateral recumbency for 1 hour and then were turned to the opposite side for an additional hour. A short-lived radioactive gas, 81mKr, was used to determine the relative spatial distribution of ventilation (V) and perfusion (Q) in these horses. Effects of time, side down, and turning on the distribution were evaluated. A consistent gradient of V/Q was found at all times, with the highest V/Q values at the top (non-dependent) portion of the lung field and the lowest at the bottom (dependent). This gradient was also present within each lung, as well as b...
Cross-sectional area of the aditus laryngis and rima glottidis before and after transection of the left recurrent laryngeal nerve in the horse. The ventral-to-dorsal height of the rima glottidis was measured from lateral pharyngeal radiographs after correction for magnification. The rima glottidis height was used to enlarge accurately endoscopic photographs of 5 horses taken before and after transection of the left recurrent laryngeal nerve. Areas of the rima glottidis and aditus laryngis were measured, using a computerized digitizer. Mean area of the aditus laryngis was 1,908 mm2 before neurectomy and 1,346 mm2 after neurectomy (P = 0.025). Mean area of the rima glottidis was 1,198 mm2 before neurectomy and 805 mm2 after neurectomy (...
Eikenella corrodens osteomyelitis of the axis in a foal. Eikenella corrodens, a previously unrecognized pathogen in the horse, was isolated from the spinous process of the axis of a colt with signs of severe neck pain. Dorsal laminectomy (excising the infected spinous process and lamina) was performed and the colt was treated with antibiotics for 6 weeks. Recovery was uncomplicated.
