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Topic:Disease Treatment
Disease treatment in horses encompasses a range of medical interventions and management strategies aimed at addressing various health conditions affecting equine species. These treatments can include pharmacological approaches, such as the administration of antibiotics, anti-inflammatory drugs, and antiparasitic medications, as well as non-pharmacological methods like physical therapy, dietary adjustments, and surgical procedures. The selection of appropriate treatments depends on the specific disease, its severity, and the individual needs of the horse. This topic brings together peer-reviewed research studies and scholarly articles that explore the efficacy, safety, and advancements in therapeutic options for equine diseases, providing insights into best practices and emerging trends in equine veterinary medicine.
Isolation of Klebsiella pneumoniae from the urogenital tract of experimentally infected mares. K. pneumoniae capsule type 68 infused into the uterus of 4 mares was recovered up to 15 weeks after inoculation. The insertion of a tampon for 10 min was more effective than a swab technique in detecting the organism in the uterus. The clitoral fossa and the urethral orifice when sampled by the swab technique were also found to be infected for a comparable period. K. pneumoniae was isolated from the clitoral specimens more often and more consistently than from either urethral or uterine specimens.
Foreign body obstruction of the small colon in six horses. Six horses, which had a foreign body obstruction of the small colon showed abdominal pain of progressing severity and intestinal tympany. On rectal examination the caecum and large colon were distended with ingesta and gas but the obstructing mass could be palpated in only 3 cases. All horses had elevated indirect blood pressure and in 3 there was also fluid distension of the stomach. Only one horse had known access to foreign material in the diet, but a further 3 were related to an exceptionally dry climate period. Five of the 6 horses recovered following surgery.
Critical test evaluation of butamisole against gastrointestinal parasites of horses and ponies. A critical test was performed to evaluate the anthelmintic properties of an injectable butamisole formulation and to compare the efficiency with that of a commercially available piperazine-thiabendazole anthelmintic. The test was done in 10 horses and 15 ponies with naturally acquired parasitic infections. Butamisole was administered at the dose level of 2.5 or 3.75 mg/kg of body weight by either subcutaneous or deep intramuscular injection. Given at the dose level of 2.5 mg/kg, butamisole was highly effective (99%) against Strongylus vulgaris and moderately effective (49%) against Parascaris ...
The correction of uterine torsion in a mare by caesarean section. A 9-year-old mare exhibiting signs of colic late in pregnancy was presented. Uterine torsion was diagnosed and corrected by caesarean section. A live foal was delivered and the mare survived the surgical interference.
Atresia of the nasolacrimal orifice in two thoroughbreds. Two cases of bilateral atresia of the nasolacrimal orifice are described. The presenting sign was a persistent ocular discharge, clear in the one case and purulent in the other. Treatment by the creation of a fistula between the distal extremity of the blind ending duct and the nasal cavity was successful in both cases.
Case report: An outbreak of herpesvirus myeloencephalitis in vaccinated horses. In the foaling season of 1977, five vaccinated horses in a Standardbred breeding stable were affected with herpesvirus myeloencephalitis. Respiratory and abortigenic forms also occurred in other individuals on the premises. Equine herpesvirus type 1 was isolated from the brain of one case of myeloencephalitis and from lungs of two aborted fetuses. Twelve of 16 horses demonstrated fourfold or greater increases in titres to equine herpesvirus type 1.
Prolonged interovulatory interval after oestradiol treatment in mares. This study was designed to test if oestradiol treatment would prevent or delay luteolysis in mares. Mares (5/group) received 0, 0.1, 1.0 or 10.0 mg oestradiol-17 beta daily from the day of ovulation until the next ovulation or for a maximum of 32 days. This treatment did not prevent luteolysis which occurred 15.8, 16.8, 15.8 and 17.3 days after the previous ovulation for the mares treated with 0, 0.1, 1.0 and 10.0 mg oestradiol respectively. Although oestradiol treatment failed to alter oestrous behaviour after luteolysis, daily treatment with 10.0 mg oestradiol prevented follicular growth and...
Contagious equine metritis in Australia. Contagious equine metritis (CEM) was first diagnosed in Australia in August 1977 and it has since been found on 6 farms in 3 states, having been isolated from about 24 mares and 2 stallions. Details are given of the epidemiology and control procedures used to combat CEM on one farm. Difficulty was experience in successfully treating one infected stallion; this was thought to be associated with inadequate cleaning and treating of the diverticulum of the urethral fossa. Introduction of the disease has had far-reaching consequences and may well result in the adoption of routine bacteriological te...
Pre-renal azotaemia in a pony with an oesophageal obstruction. A case of pre-renal azotaemia is described in a 12 year old pony resulting from oesophageal obstruction of 8 days duration. Blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, calcium, inorganic phosphate, sodium, potassium, chloride and bicarbonate concentrations were monitored throughout the recovery period. After relief of the obstruction normal blood concentrations were quickly restored.
Purification of horse renal kallikrein and chemical relations with horse urinary kallikrein. Kallikrein was purified from horse kidney by several steps of chromatographic procedure and by affinity chromatography on Sepharose-Concanavaline. Horse urinary kallikrein was previously purified by DE-32 hydroxylapatite and by Sephadex G-100 gel filtration. On the purified final sample of renal and urinary kallikrein the aminoacid composition and the gel electrophoretic molecular weight were determined. The ratio in micronMoles between each aminoacid residue of both hydrolyzed renal and urinary kallikrein of horse is about 1,00 +/- 0,30. Except for Pro, 1/2 Cys and basic aminoacid residues a ...
The epidemiology of contagious equine metritis (CEM) in England 1977–1978). Following an outbreak of CEM in England during 1977 a Code of Practice was introduced to control the disease in 1978. The Code recommended a bacteriological screening programme for Thoroughbred mares and stallions and improved standards of hygiene on the stud farm. As a result of the implementation of the Code a number of asymptomatic carrier mares was detected. Stallions which had transmitted CEM in 2977 and were treated did not transmit the disease during 1978. Two small outbreaks of CEM were reported during the 1978 breeding season.
Treatment of ringworm in horses with natamycin. A suspension based on the antibiotic, natamycin, was applied by sponging to 83 horses of various breeds and ages with signs of clinical ringworm. A number of different causative agents were involved of which Trichophyton equinum was the most common. Treatment successfully eliminated the disease within 4 weeks. After treatment the recovered animals did not show any evidence of re-infection for up to 6 months. The mycological clearance rate was 97 per cent and apart from the efficacy against ringworm, the preparation had the advantage of being non-irritant and odourless. It was also useful for t...
Fractures of the proximal sesamoid bones in thoroughbred foals. Eighteen cases of fractures of the proximal sesamoid bones in Thoroughbred foals are described. Most of the fractures were in foals under 2 months old and all but one occurred in the forelegs. The bones commonly fractured when the foal galloped to exhaustion trying to keep up with its dam in the paddock. The types of fracture varied but a simple fracture of the medial sesamoid was most frequent and the majority were towards the base of the bone. Six foals sustained a fracture of more than one sesamoid bone and one foal fractured all 4 proximal sesamoid bones in its front legs. Treatment includ...
Endometrial biopsy findings in mares with contagious equine metritis. Endometrial biopsy samples before and after treatment were obtained from 10 mares naturally infected and one Pony mare experimentally infected with Contagious Equine Metritis in 1977. The histopathological features were a short-lived polymorphonuclear cell infiltration of the luminal epithelium and stroma followed by a very early and marked mononuclear cell infiltration of the stroma, including many plasma cells. The luminal epithelium responded with cellular proliferation which may have reflected a regenerative response. Following the initial acute response, intercellular basal vacuoles conta...
A detection tube for cholinesterase inhibiting compounds. The enzyme butyrylcholinesterase from horse serum catalyses the hydrolysis of certain esters. The orange-red 2,6-dichloroindophenyl acetate will be converted by the enzyme into a deep blue alcohol. The colour transformation does not occur when the enzyme is inactivated. By making use of this biochemical reaction a cheap and simple, but very sensitive and specific detection tube could bedeveloped. The tube comprises a breakable ampoule with an aqueous buffer solution, a freeze-dried preparation of the chromogenic ester with a filler promoting its dissolution, a freeze-dried preparation of butyr...
Oestrus and fertility following progestagen treatment of mares showing clinical evidence of early pregnancy failure. Of 383 mares showing clinical evidence of suspected early fetal resorption between 20 and 60 days after mating, 217 were treated with a single injection of 200 mg CAP (a synthetic progestagen); the remaining 166 mares served as untreated controls. Treatment had neither a beneficial nor a detrimental effect on the continuation of pregnancy. Conception rates following loss of the conceptus were higher in lactating than in non-lactating mares. No increase in number of twin or deformed foals was evident in the treated animals.
Treatment of periocular tumours of horses using radioactive gold198 grains. The literature is briefly reviewed concerning the clinical features of equine cutaneous tumours. The data from 19 horses with periocular skin tumours are reported together with the results of their treatment by implantation with radioactive gold198. The principles governing the implantation of radioactive sources are explained and a method for computing the initial activity of the sources is outlined. Five histologically different tumour types were treated in this series of 19 horses, 2 horses were bilaterally affected. The techniques of implantation using a simple needle/stillette combination...
Epidemiology of equine upper respiratory tract disease on standardbred racetracks. The outbreaks of upper respiratory tract infections in horses at Standardbred racetracks were investigated over a three year period. The most serious epidemics of respiratory disease occurred in the winter and spring seasons. Both influenza viruses and equine herpesvirus 1 were shown to be present in the horse population. The herpesvirus was associated with respiratory disease particularly in the winter but the equine influenza viruses apparently were responsible for the major epidemics of respiratory disease at these tracks. Younger horses, two or three years of age, were particularly suscept...
Internal fixation of fractures of the third phalanx in three horses. The technique of internal fixation of intra-articular fractures of the third phalanx using lag screw interfragmentary compression is described. Three cases are discussed and the successful treatment of infection and osteomyelitis described in one of them. Despite this potential complication internal fixation offers a better prognosis and also a more rapid return to work than non-operative treatments.
