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Topic:Disease
The study of diseases in horses encompasses a wide range of conditions affecting equine health, including infectious diseases, metabolic disorders, and genetic abnormalities. These diseases can impact various systems within the horse, such as respiratory, gastrointestinal, and musculoskeletal systems, and can lead to significant health challenges. Research in this area focuses on understanding the pathophysiology, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of equine diseases. Common diseases studied include equine influenza, equine herpesvirus, and laminitis. This page provides access to peer-reviewed research studies and scholarly articles that explore the etiology, clinical presentation, and management strategies of diseases in horses, contributing to the advancement of equine veterinary medicine.
Identification of immunoglobulin heavy-chain isotypes of specific antibodies of horse 46 group B meningococcal antiserum. Hyperimmune horse serum from a single animal (horse 46) immunized with group B (strain B-11) meningococcal vaccine provides a standardized, readily available diagnostic reagent used in primary isolation medium and for serogrouping of meningococci. Identification of the heavy-chain isotypes of specific anticapsular polysaccharide and anti-lipopolysaccharide isolated from horse 46 serum revealed a differential distribution in the occurrence of immunoglobulin classes. Meningococcal anticapsular antibodies of horse 46 serum were restricted predominately to the immunoglobulin M (IgM) class, with on...
Capsular serotypes of Rhodococcus equi. One hundred strains of Rhodococcus equi from various animal species and sources in Australia were examined for capsular serotype. Eighty-four of the strains fell into the existing 7 serotypes, and just under half of the strains belonged to serotype 1. Isolates from the intestines and faeces of horses, cattle, pigs and other species, and from soil, were found to belong to the same serotypes as those recovered from the lungs of foals with R. equi pneumonia. There was no clear relationships between capsular serotype and source of origin of the isolates.
Ileocolonic aganglionosis in white progeny of overo spotted horses. The congenital absence of myenteric ganglia in the terminal portion of the ileum, cecum, and entire colon of white foals with overo spotted parents was reported. Males as well as females were affected. The foals were generally normal at birth but did not defecate. Signs of colic were noticed between 5 and 24 hours after birth, with death occurring at 23 to 132 hours.
Teratological effects of western equine encephalitis virus on the fetal nervous system of Macaca mulatta. Fetal rhesus monkeys were inoculated intracerebrally with an attenuated strain of western equine encephalitis virus. All animals developed microcephaly. Twelve of sixteen monkeys developed ex vacuo hydrocephalus. All virus inoculated fetuses developed WEE virus antibody. Virus could not be recovered at the time of delivery. Monkeys with the highest WEE antibody titers showed the greatest degree of hydrocephalus.
Fibrinous pericarditis in the horse. During a period of 18 months, between July 1978 and January 1980, 4 adult horses were referred to the New York State College of Veterinary Medicine with evidence of congestive heart failure. Characteristic clinical abnormalities included marked muffling of heart sounds, tachycardia, jugular vein distention, and peripheral edema. Treatment with antibiotics, diuretics, and anti-inflammatory drugs was unsuccessful, and all four died or were euthanatized and necropsied. At necropsy, there was marked distention of the pericardial sac with fluid, and thick layers of fibrin were deposited uniformly o...
Enteritis in foals induced by rotavirus and enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli. Colostrum-deprived, colostrum-fed or suckling foals were orally inoculated with foal rotavirus and enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli derived from a calf. Neither agent given alone caused diarrhoea in foals aged 1 or 2 days, although with rotavirus, 2 of the 3 inoculated foals became depressed 3 days after inoculation and all 3 were excreting rotavirus in the faeces. Inoculation of both agents induced diarrhoea in colostrum-deprived, colostrum-fed or suckling foals aged up to 16 days. There was an apparent age-related resistance to diarrhoea which developed between 2 and 3 weeks of age. It was r...
Analysis of equine thoracic fluid. Eighteen clinically normal horses were used to study the characteristics of normal thoracic fluid. Thoracic fluid was obtained from each horse and was found to be similar to equine abdominal fluid. Total leukocytes averaged 3994/ul, total protein 1.8 g/dl, and specific gravity 1.015. Analysis of thoracic fluid from 16 horses with clinical signs of thoracic disease showed abnormalities in every case. Thoracic fluid analysis alone determined a specific diagnosis in 50% of the cases.
Epidemiological and bacteriological studies of Corynebacterium equi isolates from Californian farms. Soil samples were collected from 6 horse breeding establishments in California and cultured for Corynebacterium equi. Only 3 of the farms had a history of the occurrence of pneumonia caused by C. equi. One farm had experienced an outbreak in 5 out of 6 foals just before soil sampling. Soil isolates were identified as C. equi on the basis of physical and biochemical characteristics found to be consistent with isolates of equine origin. C. equi was found in many soil samples within endemic areas where greatest concentrations were obtained in places accessible to horses. On non-endemic farms, onl...
[Purification of alpha-1,4 leads to 1,4-glucosyltransferase from horse blood serum]. The purification of alpha-1,4-1,4-glucosyltransferase from the equine serum is presented. Ion-exchange chromatography on DE-11, DE-32 and CM-32 celluloses was applied in the successive steps of isolation. Gel-filtration on Bio-Gel P-200 was the last step of purification; it gave the protein which was homogeneous on disc polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The purification degree was of the order 2100 at about 40% yield.
Antibody responses of horses to equine influenza viruses during a postepizootic period in Japan. The antibody responses to equine influenza viruses were investigated during a postepizootic period of the disease. Serum samples were collected from a total of 128 horses on three occasions during the years 1967-77. No significant increase of hemagglutination-inhibition antibody titers to subtypes 1 and 2 of equine influenza virus were detected in any of the sera tested. The maternal hemagglutination-inhibition antibody titers of foals decreased over a four month interval. A marked increase of the titers was recognized in only the equine influenza virus vaccinated horses. These findings sugges...
Variation in cellular tropism between isolates of equine herpesvirus-1 in foals. Subtype-1 isolates of Equine herpesvirus-1 (EHV-1) from a quadriplegic horse and from an aborted foetus were compared with each other and with a subtype-2 respiratory isolate. All 3 isolates were detected in the epithelium and macrophages of the respiratory tract. Both the paresis and foetal subtype-1 isolates replicated in the epithelium of the ileum and this correlated with the recovery of virus from faeces in vivo. The paresis subtype-1 isolate also had a predelection for vascular endothelial cells, particularly in the nasal mucosa, but also in the lungs, central nervous system, adrenal and...
Factors affecting phagocytosis of bacteria by neutrophils in the mare’s uterus. Ten mares, 5 resistant and 5 susceptible to bacterial endometritis, were examined for differences pertaining to the efficiency of phagocytosis of bacteria by neutrophils in the uterus. An assay for chemiluminescence was used to evaluate various schemes of opsonization and relate them to phagocytic rate. 123I-labelled albumin was used to measure protein migration to the inoculated uterus. Neutrophil numbers moving to the uterine lumen were determined. Before inoculation resistant mares were found to have substances in their uterine secretions that opsonized bacteria, resulting in effective phag...
Colic in a mare caused by a colonic neurofibroma. A 16 year old Thoroughbred mare was presented to the Ontario Veterinary College because of an acute episode of colic. An exploratory laparotomy was performed and a neurofibroma was identified and successfully removed from the small colon. The clinical and pathological features of this case are discussed.
Chlamydia psittaci induced pneumonia in a horse. An agent lethal to embryonated chicken eggs was isolated from lung tissues of a quarter horse mare with a fatal respiratory disease. The lesions induced in embryonated chicken eggs, the tinctoral properties, the ultrastructural morphology, the resistance of the organism to sodium sulfadiazine, and the presence of a chlamydial complement fixing antigen, identify this isolate as a member of the family Chlamydiaceae and suggest the agent to be Chlamydia psittaci. Two Shetland ponies experimentally infected with the isolated agent developed subclinical infection as demonstrated by an increase in c...
