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Topic:Equine Diseases
Equine diseases encompass a wide range of health conditions that can affect horses, including infectious diseases, metabolic disorders, and genetic conditions. These diseases can impact the overall health, performance, and well-being of horses. Common equine diseases include equine influenza, equine herpesvirus, laminitis, and equine metabolic syndrome. Diagnosis and management of these diseases often require a combination of clinical evaluation, laboratory testing, and appropriate treatment strategies. This page gathers peer-reviewed research studies and scholarly articles that explore the etiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment options for various equine diseases, providing valuable insights for veterinarians and researchers in the field.
Evaluation of equine radial and median nerve conduction velocities. Eleven ponies and 13 horses were used to develop a technique for determining conduction velocity for the radial and median nerves and establishing normal limits for these values. One pony was euthanatized to determine the course of the radial and the median nerves. From this dissection, both proximal and distal stimulation sites for the radial and the median nerves were selected, as well as areas for recording muscle evoked responses from the abductor digiti I longus (extensor carpi obliquus) and the radial head of the deep digital flexor muscles. The other ten ponies and the horses were used ...
Evaluation of functional thymic hormones in Arabian horses with severe combined immunodeficiency. Arabian horses with severe combined immunodeficiency disease (SCID) were evaluated for thymic hormone activities using thymic extracts and sera. Extracts prepared from thymus of SCID horses were able to increase the number of spleen cells responding to sheep red blood cells in irradiated, bone marrow-reconstituted mice. In addition, ultrafiltrates prepared from sera of these immunodeficient horses, which contained material with molecular weight of less than 50,000 Daltons could (a) induce a population of human bone marrow precursor cells to differentiate into cells bearing SRBC receptors and f...
Equine verminous arteritis. An arteriographic evaluation of the larvicidal activity of albendazole. Albendazole was an effective larvicidal anthelmintic against the fourth stage Strongylus vulgaris larvae as late as one month post-infection. The drug was administered at a dose rate of 25 mg/kg three times daily for 5 days. Diarrhoea occurred in 3 of 4 foals treated and of these one died during belated intravenous therapy for dehydration. Arteriography allowed for an in vivo assessment of the development and regression of lesions in infected-treated foals compared to the continued development of lesions in infected-untreated foals. The arteriographic findings were confirmed at necropsy.
Equine leucoencephalomalacia (ELEM): a study of Fusarium moniliforme as an etiologic agent. Signs and lesions characteristic of equine leucoencephalomalacia were produced in one of two donkeys given corn cultured with Fusarium moniliforme Sheldon. Gross and histopathologic lesions of the cerebrum included an extensive necrotic cavitation within one cerebral hemisphere, disruption and rarefication of the subcortical white matter, prominent perivascular hemorrhage, and some mononuclear cell perivascular cuffing. Another donkey and three rabbits fed the cultured corn did not develop characteristic signs or lesions of the toxicosis. Chick bioassay studies indicated that the cultured corn...
Cellular and humoral immune response of foals to vaccination with Corynebacterium equi. Transformation of peripheral blood lymphocytes from pony foals vaccinated and subsequently infected with Corynebacterium equi was studied. Three foals were vaccinated on two occasions using a formalinized C. equi vaccine with aluminum hydroxide as an adjuvant. Three nonvaccinated foals served as controls. Foals were challenged intratracheally with 9 x 10(9) C. equi six weeks after the initial vaccination. Foals survived this infection for one to two weeks. Significant lymphocyte transformation in response to C. equi antigens was detected in two vaccinated foals at the third week after initial ...
Some observations on an outbreak of trypanosomiasis in horses in the Republic of Zambia. No abstract available
A possible case of osteodystrophia fibrosa cystica in a horse. A case of unilateral front leg lameness with bone changes in the pedal bone suggestive of osteodystrophia fibrosa cystica is reported in an eight year old crossbred gelding. The changes were diagnosed at postmortem examination. The known possible causes are briefly reviewed.
Feed intake patterns and associated blood glucose, free fatty acid and insulin changes in ponies. The feeding patterns of five pony geldings fed pelleted diets ad libitum were quantified for five 24-hr periods. Eighty percent of a given pony's total daily intake (6.3 ± .81 kg or 2.9 ± .41% BW) was eaten in 10 ± .9 separate meals. Each meal averaged .49 ±.13 kg of pellets and lasted 44 ± 10 minutes. The mean intermeal interval was 84 ± 10 min, with a maximum of 3 hour. The animals spent 38 ± 7.2% of a 24-hr period engaged in eating activities, 84 ± 3.7% of which was devoted to meals, the other 16% spent in nibbling activities. Forty-nine percent of the total daily intake was consume...
The epidemiology of ringworm in racehorses caused by Trichophyton equinum var autotrophicum. The epidemiology of dermatomycocis due to Trichophyton equinum var autotrophicum was studied in a number of thoroughbred stables in south-east Queensland. The significant factors in the epidemiology were defined. The infection was readily transmitted, particularly by infected saddle-girths, on which the fungus could survive for 12 months. Mild abrasion from the saddle during work favoured the development of lesions and prolonged the recovery period. A pronounced age and seasonal incidence of the disease was demonstrated as young horses under the age of 3 years were most susceptible, and the ma...
Pleasure horses as a possible source of Salmonella agona. Horses in a riding stable sporadically excreted Salmonella agona, S anatum, and S newington in the feces. The three serotypes were isolated from apparently normal horses. The horses were sampled (the number sampled varied between 10 and 21) six times throughout a 13-month period. The greatest percentage of the horses (12 of 19, or 63%) were found to be excreting salmonella in September. Among the 12 horses excreting salmonella during this month, 8 (67%) were found to be excreting S agona.
Isolation and partial characterization of prolactin from equine pituitary gland (hypophysis). Highly purified equine prolactin was prepared from equine pituitary glands (hypophysis) by serial extractions with water at pH 5.5, 0.1 M (NH4)2SO4 at pH 4.0, and 0.25 M (NH4)2SO4 at pH 5.5 to remove other hormones, and then finally with 70% ethanol at pH 9.3 to 10.0 to extract prolactin. Preliminary purification of the extract involved salting out other substances with 0.1% NaCl at pH 9.0. Prolactin was precipitated out by adding three times the volume of 95% ethanol at 4 C. This prolactin preparation had a biological potency of 24 IU/mg. Further purification by isoelectric focusing on a pH g...
Agammaglobulinemia in a horse. Immunologic deficiency was suspected in an 18-month-old Standardbred horse with persistent fever, multifocal bacterial infection, and neutropenia with a large number of immature neutrophils. Serum protein electrophoresis revealed marked depression of the gamma-globulin fraction (0.2 g/100 ml). Immunologic testing and histologic examination of lymphoid tissues identified the immune deficit as agammaglobulinemia. Serum concentrations of immunoglobulin (Ig)G and IgG(T) were initially low and declined with time; IgM and IgA were not detectable. The horse failed to produce antibodies when inoculate...
Occurrence of Leu-Lys-bradykinin and histidine-rich peptide in high-molecular-weight kininogen isolated from horse plasma. On incubation of purified horse plasma high-molecular-weight kininogen with purified plasma kallikrein, three new peptides, named fragment 1.2, fragment 1 and fragment 2, were released, in addition to the vasopeptide, bradykinin. Fragment 2 contained an extremely high level of histidine, in which eleven residues out of the total 48 residues were characterized. Thus the result proves the existence of the histidine-rich region in horse high-molecular-weight kininogen, which is similar to the region previously identified in bovine high-molecular-weight kininogen. Moreover, we have identified a ne...
